A method of cable safety analysis is proposed for safety evaluation of long-span cable-stayed bridges. The Daniels' effect and the probability of broken wires in the cable are introduced to develop the cable strength model and the reliability assessment technique for long-span cable-stayed bridges based on the safety factors analysis of stay cables in service. As an application of the proposed model, the cable safety reliability of the cable No. 25 of Zhaobaoshan cable-stayed bridge in China is calculated. The effects of various parameters on the estimated cable safety reliability are investigated. The results indicate that the proposed method can be used to assess the safety level of stay cables in cable-stayed bridges effectively. The Daniels' effect should be taken into account for assessment, and the probability of broken wires can be used to simulate the deterioration of stay cables in service.