Methane is an important greenhouse gas, and farmland is one of the im- portant emission sources of methane. Therefore, it＇s important to study the discharge of methane from cropland. This paper reviewed the methane emission from agricultural ecosystem, the factors controlling CH4 fluxes from soil, such as water regime, the soil characteristics, and the type and amount of applied fertilizers and so on, the management for mitigation of CH4 emission from cropland, especially from paddy field, and put forward some research suggestions on methane emission in the future. The objective of this paper is to provide reference for controlling methane emission in cropland.
通过对稻-稻-紫云英稻田土壤细菌数量和群落结构多样性进行研究,揭示不同施氮水平对稻田土壤微生物的影响,以期为促进稻田土壤养分管理提供依据。以湖南省8年定位田间试验稻田土壤为对象,试验处理以冬闲水稻田不施氮肥为对照(CK),设置冬种紫云英还田条件下水稻季三个施氮肥水平分别为不施氮肥(0 kg N·hm^(-2),CN_0)、施中水平氮肥(100 kg N·hm^(-2),CN_(100))、施高水平氮肥(200 kg N·hm^(-2),CN_(200))。采用荧光定量PCR和Illumina MiSeq高通量测序平台分别研究了不同处理下稻田土壤的总细菌数量和群落结构。结果表明:稻田土壤总细菌数量为1.25×10~8～8.47×10~9拷贝数·g-1干土;处理间物种多样性指数(Shannon和Simpson)和物种丰富度指数(Ace和Chao)均存在显著性差异;16S rRNA基因在门水平分类下3个主要类群是变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae),分别占总OTU比例的42.22%～54.54%、8.56%～20.73%、10.98%～15.08%;CN100土壤样品中变形菌门的相对丰度低于CN_(200)、CN_0和CK,绿弯菌门的相对丰度分别为CN_(200)、CN_0和CK的2.26、1.58倍和1.17倍。相关性分析表明,土壤细菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数与铵态氮含量呈显著正相关。影响土壤细菌菌群结构的因子分析结果表明,土壤细菌与土壤pH值、铵态氮、硝态氮存在密切相关性。研究表明,在冬种紫云英还田条件下施加氮肥可以显著改变湖南省双季稻区土壤微生物数量与结构。
