大气 CO2 浓度升高对植物生长有促进作用 ,对 C3植物生长的促进作用最大。短期CO2 浓度升高时 ,植物光和速率增加 ;在长期 CO2 浓度升高条件下 ,植物光合速率下降并发生光合适应现象。这可能是植物在长期 CO2 浓度升高条件下植物源库关系不平衡引起的反馈抑制作用以及营养吸收不能满足光合速率增加的要求所引起 Rubisco活性和含量下降。在CO2 浓度升高条件下植物的呼吸也会发生变化 ;根的分枝和数量增多 ,根系的分泌量和吸收能力可能增加 ,植物的生物量增加。对臭氧伤害的抗性增强。温度、土壤氮素和磷素含量对植物在 CO2 浓度升高下的反应产生影响。合适的温度、充足的氮和磷供应能够协同 CO2 升高对植物生长的促进作用。
The increase of atmospheric CO 2 concentration is indisputable. In such condition, photosynthetic response of leaf is relatively well studied, while the comparison of that between single leaf and whole canopy is less emphasized. The stimulation of elevated CO 2 on canopy photosynthesis may be different from that on single leaf level. In this study, leaf and canopy photosynthesis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were studied throughout the growing season. High CO 2 and temperature had a synergetic stimulation on single leaf photosynthetic rate until grain filling. Photosynthesis of leaf was stimulated by high CO 2, although the stimulation was decreased by higher temperature at grain filling stage. On the other hand, the simulation of elevated CO 2 on canopy photosynthesis leveled off with time. Stimulation at canopy level disappeared by grain filling stage in both temperature treatments. Green leaf area index was not significantly affected by CO 2 at maturity, but greater in plants grown at higher temperature. Leaf nitrogen content decreased with the increase of CO 2 concentration although it was not statistically significant at maturity. Canopy respiration rate increased at flowering stage indicating higher carbon loss. Shading effect caused by leaf development reached maximum at flowering stage. The CO 2 stimulation on photosynthesis was greater in single leaf than in canopy. Since enhanced CO 2 significantly increased biomass of rice stems and panicles, increase in canopy respiration caused diminishment of CO 2 stimulation in canopy net photosynthesis. Leaf nitrogen in the canopy level decreased with CO 2 concentration and may eventually hasten CO 2 stimulation on canopy photosynthesis. Early senescence of canopy leaves in high CO 2 is also a possible cause.
