Using immunological technique to detect B and T as well as T subgroups of lymphocytes in pheripheral blood of patients with uremia, the results showed that the B lymphocyteswere extremely higher than those of normal people(P < 0. 001 ), but CD3, CD4 and the CD4/CD8were obviously lower (P < 0. 01 - P< 0. 001 ). The results indicate that uremia is a kind of selfimmunity disease with abnormal immunoregulation. Therefore, detecting B and T lymphocytes inuremia will be helpful in understanding the pathological mechanism of uremia and evaluation ofprognosis.