The characteristics of the confrontation between fighters and air-defense systems on ship are analyzed. The approach of simulating operations of both sides is presented based on the combination of random-factor effectiveness simulation models and deterministic models. Two basic indices are proposed to indicate task effectiveness （i. e. the survival probability of the fighter team and the specified effect of damage on the fleet） and relative algo- rithms. To verify the approach, the situation that a fighter team attacks a collective defense fleet is exemplified and the task effectiveness of this case is also calculated. The method for evaluating task effectiveness on anti-ship attack can be applied in aircraft design and tactical research.
围绕无人直升机实际飞行中的不确定性问题,将扩张状态观测器(extended state observer,ESO)与自适应反步法相结合设计控制器来实现无人直升机轨迹的鲁棒跟踪控制。首先,建立了无人直升机的数学模型,建模过程中考虑未建模动态、模型简化误差、外界大气扰动以及燃油消耗导致的惯性参数摄动等多种不确定性来源。同时,将主旋翼一阶挥舞动态耦合进无人直升机6-DOF刚体动力学方程,建立了简洁且又反映无人直升机旋翼挥舞这一重要特征的等效模型。然后,基于ESO和自适应反步法设计了位置控制器、姿态控制器以及力矩控制器,其中利用自适应策略对无人直升机质量及惯性矩阵等慢变摄动参数进行估计,利用ESO对未建模动态及外界阵风等高频扰动进行观测,并通过前馈补偿实现对系统不确定性的综合抑制。最后,通过数值仿真验证了方法的可行性和有效性。仿真结果表明,该方法比纯自适应反步法具有更高的不确性抑制效率和控制精度,能够实现无人直升机在多种不同类型扰动同时作用下轨迹的鲁棒跟踪控制。
