[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of high-yield soybean varieties.[Method] The agronomic traits of six high-yield soybean varieties and other 57 summer sowing ones were investigated from 2007 to 2010.[Result] The higher-yield summer sowing soybean varieties should have higher plants （R=0.551 6＊）,more effective pods （R=0.739 7＊）,more seeds per pod （R=0.318 9）,more flowers per plant （＞130）,higher pod setting rate （＞52％）,smaller ratio of aborted pods （＜40％）,longer tap roots （more than 20 cm） and lateral roots （more than 15 cm）,shorter bottom nodes （the length of six bottom nodes should be less than 25 cm）,lower center of gravity of the plant （＜40 cm）,greater stem dry weight,higher dry matter transformation rate and continuously increasing seed weight in late seed filling stage.The ideal growth stage model for summer sowing soybean was that the durations between adjacent stages of sowing,seedling emergence,flowering,seed setting and maturity stage were 5,29-33,29-33,32-36 d,respectively.[Conclusion] This pattern could not only satisfy the ecological conditions for double cropping system,but also balance the full development of vegetative and reproductive growth,promote the yield formation of summer sowing soybean.
【目的】解析黄淮海地区大豆育成品种产量构成因素对产量的贡献及其品种与环境的互作,鉴定代表性品种高产与稳产性,为黄淮海大豆育成品种在生产及育种中的有效利用提供理论依据。【方法】利用能够直观分析农作物双向数据的GGE(genotype+genotype-by-environment interaction)双标图,根据GGE中的"环境之间的关系"("environmental vector"view)、"哪个赢在哪里"("which-won-where"view)及"高产性和稳产性"("mean VS stability"view)分析参试品种的高产特性与不同年份试验的代表性,解析黄淮海区域有代表性的94个夏大豆品种在2008—2010年份的产量与产量组成因子。【结果】不同年份相同区域的试验品种表现差异很大,品种与环境存在互作。单株粒重、单株粒数、单株荚数、百粒重是产量的主要贡献性状,其中,影响产量最重要的因素是单株粒重。三年中,受不同年度环境影响较小、稳产性较好且高产的品种有冀9号-3L-2、冀豆17、徐豆10号、中作00-484和7651-1。【结论】在产量构成因素中,对产量影响的最重要因子是单株粒重,其次为单株粒数、单株荚数和百粒重;相同区域不同年份间品种产量差异较大,品种与环境之间存在互作。
