Farmland nutrient loss has become one of the main reason causing agri- cultural nonpoint source pollution and water nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication. Agricultural nonpoint source pollution monitoring techniques and methods are very important in agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. This paper reviews the various monitoring techniques of agricultural non-point source pollution, including runoff pollutant monitoring, leaching pollutant monitoring and on-line monitoring. The runoff pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included artificial simulation of rain- fall runoff method, flow meter method, weir method and volumetric method. The leaching pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included leaching plate method, leaching gutter method, leakage pooling method, pumping filter pipe method and simulating soil column method. Although online monitoring of farmland nutrient loss still exists some technical bottlenecks and economic limitations, it is the future di- rection of development.
Phosphorus index method is an effective method to assess the risk of phosphorus loss,identify the critical source areas and reasonably control the agricultural non-point source pollution.The researches on phosphorus index assessment method have been started earlier in foreign countries.Currently,phosphorus index assessment method has been widely used in the United States and European countries through continuous development and improvement.However,the domestic research on non-point source phosphorus pollution assessment has just started,and the phosphorus index method that is suitable for the characteristics of agriculture in China has not yet been established.This paper summarizes and analyzes systematically the related research advances in phosphorus index method at home and abroad,and illustrates the issues presented in phosphorus index method.In addition,the researches on and application of phosphorus index method in China are discussed.
