To observe the effect of Bupi Tongluo recipe on ultrastructure of mitochondrion of seahorse nerve cells in senile rat brain,to study the mechanism of senility,to explore the active mechanism of Bupi Tongluo recipe in preventing senility.Methods: 84 SD rats were divided into 7 groups: youth group,senile blank group,contrasting group of Bupi contrasting group of Tongluo,contrasting group of vitamin E,large dose group of Bupi Tongluo recipe and small dose group of Bupi Tongluo recipe. After treating 60 days taken out brain seahorse to detect the ultrastructure of mitochondrion in seahorse nerve cells with electron microscope,to analyse with shape calculating. Results: Bupi Tongluo recipe can improve the ultrastructure of mitochondrion of seahorse nerve cells. Conclusion: Bupi Tongluo recipe can prevent senility through effecting the ultrastructure of mitochondria.