This paper studies water balance in the Haihe River Basin, China and assesses water shortage risk for the period 1994–2007. The authors identify that there is a water shortage problem in this area and propose that the non-intake water consumption （NIWC） is a very important water balance element. The NIWC in the Haihe River Basin flow is 5.91×109m3 in normal years. It was concluded from our evaluation that the water shortage risk during 1994–2007 was very high. Using international water risk assessment theory, multiyear risk indicators in Haihe River Basin can be calculated. Water risk rate, resiliency, stability, and vulnerability for the Haihe River Basin for the period 1994–2007 were 0.786, 0.000, 0.154 and 0.173 respectively. With the use of counter-force factors and adoption of different priorities to different water consumers, the water shortage risk can be decreased. The integrated water shortage risk indicators of the Haihe River Basin are 0.095–0.328. In this study, water availability from the South-North Water Diversion Project is also considered. By the year 2014, about 5×109m3 of water will be diverted from the Yangtse River, and the water shortage risk in the Haihe River Basin will drop from 0.229–0.297 to 0.152–0.234 under an inflow water frequency of 50%–75%. However, a risk of water shortage in this area will persist.
通过分析水资源脆弱性概念理念研究现状以及三种定量评价法的优缺点,提出了狭义水资源脆弱性(Narrow Water Resources Vulnerability,简称NWRV)和广义水资源脆弱性(General Water Resources Vulnerability,简称GWRV)概念,并采用压力—状态—响应(Pressure-State-Response,简称PSR)理论,构建具有一定物理机制的水资源脆弱性指标体系,分别用PS和PSR下各指标代表狭义和广义水资源脆弱性。建立水资源脆弱性综合指标评价模型,以存在生态环境问题非常严峻的河西走廊地区及其疏勒河、黑河、石羊河3个流域为评价区,进行实证研究。结果表明:(1)现状年2010年,河西走廊地区NWRV和GWRV分别为0.788 7和0.714 9,均为重度脆弱;三个流域,石羊河流域脆弱程度最为严重,疏勒河流域其次,黑河流域最小,但NWRV和GWRV均为重度脆弱;基于最严格水资源管理制度的情景年2020年,相应现状年2010年,河西走廊地区NWRV和GWRV下降率分别达到12.75%和14.04%,脆弱程度下降较大。(2)河西走廊地区,GWRV相对NWRV,其脆弱程度平均有9.57%的下降空间;NWRV代表潜在的脆弱程度,GWRV代表实际的脆弱程度;最严格水资源管理制度对NWRV和GWRV均有明显的适应作用;NWRV-GWRV线在时间序列上呈现平行下降趋势。
