As an important nucleus of basal ganglia,globus pallidus was concerned to involve in the neural mechanism of Parkins’s disease (PD). Previous studies of PD patients and animal model indicate that neurotransmitters and receptors are changed in globus pallidus neurons,the balance between inhibition and excitation is broken in the output nuclei of basal ganglia,and globus pallidus neurons display bursting and oscillatory discharge,the synchronous tendency of neighboring neurons enhances. These neurophysiological changes are associated with PD symptoms,such as bradykinesia,rigidity and tremor,which reflects that globus pallidus plays an important role in the process of PD. In the present paper,the recent advances in pathophysiology in globus pallidus,its clinical application in treatment of Parkinson’s disease,and the study direction in the future are reviewed.
目的研究农药百草枯(praquat,PQ)和代森锰(maneb,MB)单独和(或)联合暴露对小鼠黑质致密部(substanitial nigra compact,SNc)脑区多巴胺(dopamine,DA)能系统的影响,并探讨其与帕金森症(Parkinson’sdisease,PD)发病的关系。方法将120只健康清洁级5周龄昆明小鼠随机分为对照(生理盐水)组、PQ(5mg/kg)组、MB(15mg/kg)组、PQ(5mg/kg)+MB(15mg/kg)组,每组30只。采用腹腔注射方式进行染毒,染毒剂量为10ml/kg,每周染毒2次,连续染毒16周。采用爬杆试验和开阔试验检测小鼠运动行为的变化,对SNc区域进行组织病理学观察和神经元细胞计数。以荧光分光光度法检测纹状体(Caudateputamen,CPu)脑区中DA的含量。结果各组动物体重间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。染毒前和染毒8、16周后,各组小鼠的爬杆时间和跨格数间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,染毒8、16周后PQ+MB组小鼠中脑SNc区神经元呈现胞体固缩样退化形态,细胞数量显著减少(P<0.01);而PQ组和MB组无显著性变化(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,染毒16周后第1天仅PQ+MB组小鼠纹状体脑区DA含量较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而PQ组和MB组小鼠纹状体脑区DA含量无显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论单独PQ或MB低剂量长期暴露对SNc脑区的神经元无影响,二者低剂量联合暴露可导致SNc神经元损伤和丢失,表明PQ和MB的协同神经毒性可能与帕金森症发病有关。
