Reports and articles on the distribution and prevalence of plague in Yangtze River Basin inmodern times were studied and analyzed. The results showed that Yangtze River Basin was not the main endemic area of China . but plague appeared and animated again after intermission for many years in Yunnan andJiangxi and it was increasing in Qinghai. There was a certain potential danger for the prevalence of plague incurrent times because of the location and natural condition of Yangtze River Basin in current times.