[Objective] To study the long-term ultra-dry storage method and genetic stability of vegetable seeds.[Method] Seeds of Lycopersicum esculentum,Raphanus satuvus and Apium graveolen.were chosen as material.The changes of seed vigor,viability and genetic stability after ultra-storage were discussed by studying the seed potentiality,shoot length,germination percentage and the chromosome aberration rate of root tip cells.[Results] Maintaining the low moisture content,different vegetable species had different storage effects of the long-term storage seeds under normal temperature.The Lycopersicum esculentum and Raphanus satuvus seeds were more suitable to ultra-dry storage at normal temperature,and could keep good genetic stability,while the seeds of Apium graveolen had bad performance.[Conclusion] This study established the foundation of studying ultra-dry storage of vegetable seeds.
以葫芦和南瓜种子为材料,比较了68、72、75、80℃4个干热处理温度条件及6℃和常温2种种子保存条件对种子质量的影响;通过田间栽培试验检测了种子干热处理对黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)的防治效果。结果表明:68~80℃的温度处理种子72 h后,不会影响葫芦种子的发芽势和发芽率,但显著降低了南瓜种子的发芽势和发芽率。高温干热处理后,3个葫芦品种的种子分别在常温和6℃下保存15个月后,种子发芽势均显著下降;2个南瓜品种分别在常温和6℃下保存12个月后,除68℃和72℃处理的南瓜京欣砧2常温保存种子的发芽势以外,其他处理种子的发芽势和发芽率都显著下降。通过3 a 3种不同栽培模式的田间试验,不同带毒率的葫芦砧木种子经过72℃干热处理72 h后,嫁接西瓜在田间均未发生CGMMV。试验结果表明,不同葫芦科作物种类,甚至不同品种对温度的敏感性不一样;干热处理种子是防治CGMMV最有效的方法之一。
