Learner autonomy is essential for lifelong learning society.Taking the narrative inquiry approach,the present study intended to achieve a fuller understanding of an exchange student’s learning autonomy development and its influential factors through in - depth interviews.The paper reaches a conclusion that self-efficacy,motivation,learning strategies of intercultural learners,and psychological adjustment and developing intercultural awareness are four most important internal ones; and external factors mainly include cultural difference,host nationals’ attitude,teacher’s instruction, influence from peers and supports of educational technology.Based on the results,some suggestions are provided for exchange learners,teachers and parents respectively.