采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了热变形Nd_(10.5)Pr_(2.5)Fe_(80)Nb_1B_6磁体断口等显微组织,并用磁滞回线仪测量了磁体的磁性能,系统研究了磁体显微组织、磁性能与取向度的变化规律。估算了250~380μm和<250μm Nd_(10.5)Pr_(2.5)Fe_(80)Nb_1B_6粉、变形量60%的热变形磁体等效易磁化轴与热变形压力方向夹角α,随α从26.0°降至9.1°,磁体密度从7.04 g·cm^(-3)增加至7.49 g·cm-3,M_r/M_s(M_r为剩余磁化强度,Ms为饱和磁化强度)从0.78增大到0.91,磁能积持续增加,矫顽力先从1346 k A·m^(-1)增加至1499 k A·m^(-1),然后矫顽力下降到1216 k A·m^(-1),矫顽力增加的原因是磁体单位体积内磁性主相体积分数增加导致对矫顽力的贡献增大,更多的等轴晶参与热变形、晶粒发生碎化、晶粒尺寸细化;随着α的继续降低,热变形磁体的剩磁、矫顽力将分别进一步增加、减小,矫顽力减小的原因是片状晶的比例增加,片状晶的晶粒尺寸增大,单畴晶粒占总磁畴晶粒比例减小,片状晶出现退磁场。实验统计热变形Nd_(10.5)Pr_(2.5)Fe_(80)Nb_1B_6矫顽力与等效平均晶粒尺寸的关系拟合曲线为Hci=1523.3786+0.3280D-0.0031D2,矫顽力随等效平均晶粒尺寸的增大而降低。
The bulk nanocomposite magnets of Nd9Fe81–xTi4C2Nb4Bx(x=11, 13, 15) in sheet form with the thickness of 0.7 mm were prepared by copper mold suction casting and subsequently annealing. The microstructure evolution and magnetic properties of bulk magnets were studied. It was shown that the as-cast microstructure of bulk alloys were composed of Nd2Fe14B, α-Fe, Fe3B crystalline phases and an amorphous matrix, and that the glass formability of alloy was improved with increasing the B content. The DSC analysis showed that the as-cast bulk alloys had the crystallization behavior of a two-step process. After annealing at the temperatures which was 40–63 K higher than their onset temperatures of the second exothermic peak, Nd9Fe81–xTi4C2Nb4Bx(x=11, 13, 15) bulk alloys obtained a finely mixed structure which were composed of Nd2Fe14 B, α-Fe, Fe3 B,(Nb,Ti)C crystalline phases and a residual amorphous phase, whose magnetic properties were significantly enhanced. For the bulk magnets of Nd9Fe81–xTi4C2Nb4Bx(x=11, 13, 15), the optimal magnetic properties of B r=0.63 T, iHc=155.1 k A/m,(BH)max=18.73 k J/m3 could be achieved when x=13 after annealing at 983 K for 10 min.
为分析影响热变形钕铁硼磁体矫顽力的因素,制备了3种不含Dy,Ga热变形磁体,磁体成分分别为Nd10.5Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6,Nd11.5Fe81.8B6.0Nb0.7+6%Nd67Cu33及Nd10.5Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6+6%Nd67Cu33,由Nd-Fe-B三元相图计算了富稀土晶界相体积分数v,实验结果表明:v对富稀土钕铁硼热变形磁体矫顽力的贡献为98.10 k A·m-1·%-1,比v对贫稀土钕铁硼混粉热变形磁体矫顽力的贡献低36%~44%;由v=1-a3/[(a+h)2(a+3h)]计算了富稀土晶界相厚度h,发现在v相同条件下热变形钕铁硼磁体晶界相厚度h随主相片状晶等效平均晶粒尺寸a的减小虽然减薄,但a占主导作用导致磁体的矫顽力仍然提高;在片状晶等效平均晶粒尺寸a相近的条件下,热变形钕铁硼磁体晶界相厚度随晶界相体积分数v的增加而变厚,主相片状晶的磁绝缘效果提高导致热变形磁体的矫顽力上升。
