峨眉山大火成岩省(ELIP)主要由玄武岩、玄武质火山碎屑岩及少量的苦橄岩(包括越南的科马提岩)、长英质岩石以及层状岩体和岩墙组成,其物质来源直接关系到其成因是否与地幔柱活动有关。Re-Os 同位素体系是地核、地幔和地壳物质的最佳示踪剂。前人对 ELIP 内的 Re-Os 同位素研究表明,低 Ti 玄武岩的 Os 含量为0.006×10^(-9)～0.400×10^(-9),^(187)Os/^(188)Os 初始值为0.1371～1.403,并提出其与地幔柱活动有关;而高 Ti 玄武岩的 Os 含量为0.004×10^(-9)～0.560×10^(-9),^(187)Os/^(188)Os 初始值为0.1271～5.19,认为起源于大陆岩石圈地幔或地幔柱上升过程中受到大量岩石圈地幔"混染"(Xu JF et al.,2007);科马提岩的 Os 含量为1.24×10^(-9)～7.00×10^(-9),^(187)Os/^(188)Os 初始值为0.1251～0.1261,苦橄岩的 Os 含量为0.32×10^(-9)～2.329×10^(-9),^(187)Os/^(188)Os 初始值为0.1233～0.1266,指示苦橄岩和科马提岩均来自亏损地幔源区(Hanskiet al.,2004;陈雷等,2007)。本文利用 Os 含量最低、^(187)Os/^(188)Os 最高的高 Ti 玄武岩作为地壳端员,用铁质陨石、原始上地幔(PUM)和亏损地幔(DMM)作为地核和各种地幔端员,分别做二元混合计算,结果显示绝大多数玄武岩和所有苦橄岩及科马提岩均落在地壳和 DMM 混合曲线附近,并且邻区特提斯洋地幔岩与 DMM 具有相近的 Os 含量和^(187)Os/^(188)Os 组成,据此推测峨眉山火成岩的形成与特提斯洋的活动有关,主要受控于地壳和亏损地幔的相互作用。
High-pressure mafic granulites with a peak mineral assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene + rutile + quartz were found in the Amdo basement,central Tibet. Two kinds of symplectites were identified that are composed of orthopyroxene + plagioclase ± spinel and hornblende + plagioclase around garnet,which were interpreted to develop during the retrogressing stages in the granulites. P-T estimates suggested that peak metamorphic conditions were about 860-920°C and 1.46-1.56 GPa,which retrogressed from post-peak phase at 820-890°C and 0.88-1.15 GPa to amphibolite facies at 550-670°C and 0.52-0.65 GPa. These three stages define a clockwise P-T path with near-isothermal decompression and cooling following the peak high-pressure metamorphism. This suggests that the Amdo granulites underwent an initial subduction to a deep crustal level of ～50 km and then were rapidly exhumed to a shallow crustal level (～20 km). The formation of Amdo granulites is considered to result from the arc-continent collision between the Amdo basement and the Qiangtang terrane in the middle Jurassic,which is a crucial step to the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.
ZHANG XiaoRanSHI RenDengHUANG QiShuaiLIU DeLiangCIDAN SuoLangYANG JingSuiDING Lin
