This study aims to explore the interdecadal variation of South Asian High(SAH) and its relationship with SST(sea surface temperature) of the tropical and subtropical regions by using the NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data from 1948 to 2012, based on the NCAR CAM 3.0 general circulation model. The results show that: 1) the intensity of SAH represents a remarkable interdecadal variation characteristic, the intensity of SAH experienced from weak to strong at the late 1970 s, and after the late 1970 s, its strength is enhanced and the area is expanded in the east-west direction.The expansion degree is greater westward than eastward, while it is opposite in summer. 2) Corresponding to the interdecadal variation of SAH intensity, after the late 1970 s, the divergent component of wind field has two ascending and three descending areas. Of the two ascending areas, one is located in the East Pacific, the other location varies with the season from the Indian Ocean in winter to the South China Sea and West Pacific in summer. Three descending areas are located in the north-central Africa, the East Asia and the Middle Pacific region respectively. 3) Corresponding to the interdecadal variation of SAH intensity, the rotational component of wind field at the lower level is an anomalous cyclone over the South China Sea and West Pacific in summer, while in winter, it is an anomalous cyclone over the Indian Ocean, and an anomalous anticyclone over the equatorial Middle Pacific. 4) Numerical simulations show that the interdecadal variation of SAH is closely related to the SST of the tropical and subtropical regions. The SST of Indian Ocean plays an important role in winter, while in summer, the SST of the South China Sea and West Pacific plays an important role, and the SST of the East Pacific also plays a certain role.
利用观测资料分析了亚洲季风区夏季海陆热力差异的变化特征。在此基础上,采用国际耦合模式比较计划第五阶段(Coupled Model Intercomparison Program 5,CMIP5)20个模式的输出结果,对其进行了模拟评估。结果表明,亚洲季风区夏季陆地上空温度呈下降趋势,海洋上空呈升高趋势,海陆热力差呈减弱趋势。虽然模式模拟的海陆热力差也呈减弱趋势,但陆地和海洋上空温度均呈上升趋势。模式对陆地上空温度趋势模拟较差的原因是对青藏高原上空的温度模拟偏低。进一步分析表明,对海陆热力差异模拟相对较好的模式对亚洲季风系统模拟较好,而较差的模式对亚洲季风系统模拟也较差。
Daily precipitation data from 153 meteorological stations over Northwest China during summer from 1963 to 2012 were selected to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of extreme summer precipitation frequency.The results show that the extreme precipitation frequency was regional dependent.Southern Gansu,northern Qinghai,and southern Shaanxi provinces exhibited a high extreme precipitation frequency and were prone to abrupt changes in the frequency.Northwest China was further divided into three sub-regions(northern,central,and southern) based on cluster analysis of the 50-yr extreme precipitation frequency series for each meteorological station.The extreme precipitation frequency changes were manifested in the northern region during the late 1970 s and in the central region from the end of the 1980 s to the 1990 s.The southern region fluctuated on a timescale of quasi-10 yr.This study also explored the mechanism of changes in extreme precipitation frequency.The results demonstrate that stratification stability,atmospheric water vapor content,and upward motion all affected the changes in extreme precipitation frequency.
利用1979—2012年逐月Hadley中心海表温度、欧洲中期天气预报中心次表层海温、NCEP/NCAR风场再分析资料,对两类中太平洋（CP）El Nino及耦合的大气环流特征进行分析。结果表明,第一类CP El Nino（CP-ⅠEl Nino）增暖中心位于Nino4区且关于赤道对称;第二类CP El Nino（CP-ⅡEl Nino）的Nino4区与热带东北太平洋区域（NEP,130-110°W、15-25°N）同位相变化,冬季成熟后形成关于赤道非对称的带状增暖结构。进一步的研究表明,两类CP El Nino次表层结构存在差异：CP-ⅠEl Nino冬季次表层海温异常（SOTA）在中东太平洋与西太平洋呈显著偶极分布;CP-ⅡEl Nino在中、西太平洋位相相反但东太平洋异常较弱,且经向异常主要在赤道及其以北。两类CP El Nino耦合的大气环流特征不同：CP-ⅠEl Nino冬季异常Walker环流上升中心位于赤道上空,经向风向赤道辐合,低纬地区Hadley环流加强;CP-ⅡEl Nino冬季低层向北越赤道气流加强,Walker环流上升中心移到赤道以北,低纬地区Hadley环流减弱。
