A large-scale flume (40 cm×10 cm×10 cm) was used to determine soil anti-scourability of 4 different land uses of purple soil in hilly areas of Sichuan, China under artificial removal of vegetation to examine the effects of land uses on sediment production by runoff. The results showed that soil anti-scourability declined with the increase of slope gradients in the form of power function, but there was a significant difference in the effects of slope gradients on anti-scourability between different land uses. The ratio of the mean values of soil anti-scourability was 1︰2.2︰2.5︰3.6 for forest land, new waste pasture, old waste pasture, crop land respectively, indicating that forest and grass use can significantly improve soil anti-scourability. Compared with the observations from the runoff plots located at the same sites in this region, an inconsistent result was found between anti-scourability and anti-erodibility in hilly areas of Sichuan. Essential causes of the differences in soil anti-scourability were further discussed based on analyzing the influence of inherent soil characteristics induced by different land uses on soil anti-scourability.
ZHANG Jianhui, LIU Gangcai, NI Shijun, ZHU Bo & GE Fanglong Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu 610041, China
成土速率是确定容许侵蚀量的基础之一。本研究应用以物质循环理论为基础的Barth模型,估算了不同母质类型、不同种植植被和不同土层厚度下紫色土的成土速率,并在田间定位试验点测定了这三种不同处理条件下的成土速率,取得了以下结果:(1)用Barth模型估算的成土速率,与田间测定值比较,总体上明显偏小;且估算的成土速率主要与径流量显著相关;不同土壤母质下成土速率的估算差异显著,但不同植被类型和土层厚度下的差异不显著。(2)田间测定的成土速率,由于土壤母质特性和水热条件的差异,在不同条件下的成土速率差异明显,且均反映出一定的变化规律。不同类型紫色土的成土速率大小次序为沙溪庙组>蓬莱镇组>遂宁组;不同植被下的成土速率大小次序为作物>果树>牧草;不同土层厚度下的成土速率,总的趋势是母岩上覆盖的土层愈薄,成土速率愈大。(3)综合考虑田间不同试验条件下的成土速率并分析转换,四川丘陵区沙溪庙组和蓬莱镇组紫色土的成土速率确定为1 200 t km-2a-1,遂宁组的成土速率为800 t km-2a-1。
