Time reversal is applied to the underwater spreading spectrum coding communication. On the base of analyzing the focusing characteristics of the time reversal in underwater waveguide, the time reversal is studied to overcome the wave distortion of the encoded signal caused by the multi-path effect. The experiment research for underwater coding communication is carried out in a lab water tank and the corresponding theoretical analysis is also conducted by Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) encoding and Barker code with 7 chips for the spreading spectrum signal. The results show that the time reversal can improve the focusing gain and increase the ratio of the principal to the second lobe of the coding signal, and can decrease the bit error rate and increase the communication distance.
A residual-stress profile along the thickness of an aluminum alloy sheet is determined by laser-ultrasonic technique. Surface acoustic waves are generated by a Nd:YAG pulse laser and detected by a Heterodyne interferometer on a lateral free surface of the sheet. The distribution of residual stress is determined by measuring the relative variation of the wavevelocities at different location of the sample along its thickness. This technique is validated by three different residual stress profiles obtained experimentally.
To study the possibility of detecting the crossing channel by using a traditional logging tool, acoustic field generated by a monopole source in a cased well with a crossing channel of various angles is simulated by 2.5-D Finite Difference Method (FDM). Snapshots of normal stress and synthetic time-domain waveforms are displayed. The two-dimensional spectrum in wave-number and frequency domains is also calculated, where the influence of the channel is clearer than that in the waveforms. Numerical study demonstrated that a crossing channel can be detected and sized if its angle is greater than 30 degree, and larger spacing and lower frequency source are favorable to detect and size the crossing channel.
The acoustic field in an asymmetric borehole was investigated by recording and comparing the waveforms with different offset in both axial symmetric borehole and axial asymmetric borehole. The two-dimensional spectrum in wave-number and frequency domain was also calculated and compared with the result of numeric simulation with 2.5-D finite difference method, and a consistent result was obtained. This work provides an accurate verification of our investigation of asymmetric borehole with 2.5-D finite difference method.
