Air-coupled ultrasonic transducers are used to generate and receive Lamb waves in quasi-isotropic laminated composite beams for delamination detection. The influence of incident angle on the excited mode is studied. Numerical calculation and experimental results show that a pure Lamb wave mode can be generated if the transmitting transducer is oriented at a specific angle, and the receiving transducer can either be oriented to detect the same mode as that generated by the transmitter or to detect another mode generated by mode conversion at a defect. A three-dimensional finite element model is created to predict the interaction of Lamb waves with delamination, and some unique mechanisms of interaction between A0 mode Lamb waves and delamination are revealed in detail. The experimental results obtained on laminated composite beam using air-coupled ultrasonic transducers are well in accordance with finite element simulation results. Research results show that air-coupled ultrasonic guided waves can be used for delamination damage detection effectively in laminated composite beams.
采用机电阻抗法监测三跨桁架结构加载状况,并利用BP神经网络方法进行结构载荷的定位和定量研究.首先,研究激励频率对压电陶瓷片感知结构变化的灵敏度的影响,并选取最佳敏感频段为190~200 k Hz.然后,测得2个监测节点独立性良好,有助于实现载荷定位监测.最后,将采集到的桁架结构加载时的部分阻抗虚部数据进行合理的数据压缩后作为输入样本.压缩前后的数据对比显示这种压缩方法具有可靠性.建立并训练神经网络,剩余部分数据经过相同处理后作为测试样本对训练好的BP网络进行测试.实验结果表明：基于机电阻抗法,利用神经网络可有效实现桁架结构中载荷的精确定位与定量.
Lamb波具有传播距离远、衰减小等优点,能在板结构中实现大范围、高效率的损伤检测和监测,在无损检测和结构健康监测领域具有极大的应用潜力。针对板结构大范围健康监测问题,为了能周向一致地激励出模态单一Lamb波S0模态,提高缺陷成像能力,基于磁致伸缩效应,设计并制作一种全向型S0模态磁致伸缩传感器,由印刷电路板线圈,圆柱磁铁,圆形镍片组成。试验验证研制的传感器能够在铝板中有效激励出单一的S0模态,并测试其频率响应特性以及全向性,结果表明设计传感器中心频率为365 k Hz,并具有较好的全向性。进一步利用研制的全向型S0模态磁致伸缩型传感器组成稀疏传感器阵列。采用自激自收的方式对铝板结构中缺陷进行检测。利用离散圆弧成像与数据融合算法相结合的方法对多组数据进行处理,消除常规的稀疏传感器阵列成像时对结构健康状况下的信号依赖,无需健康状况下的信号作为参考,实现了在板结构中缺陷的定位和成像。
