By increasing particle concentration and G value(root-mean-square velocity gradient) to enhance flocculation, a novel vertical-flow settler was designed to increase sedimentation effectiveness, and to simultaneously improve operational stabilization. Due to the gradual decrease in upward flow-rate of raw water, a flocs blanket would form and suspend in the middle section of the settler, not at the bottom as in a conventional clarifier. Enough large flocs, resulted from flocculation or filtration, would continuously settle out of the flocs blanket, and simultaneously, the flocs in raw water or those forming above the blanket would ceaselessly enter the flocs blanket. As a result, the flocs concentration in the blanket could keep a dynamic balance. The hydrodynamic shear in the blanket was improved by flow separation, which was induced by the abrupt change in flow channel. Due to the flocs blanket and improved hydrodynamic shear, flocculation would be enhanced, which was helpful for removing fine particles in raw water. A comparative study showed that the novel vertical-flow settler had a much better performance in the removal of the particles in raw water than a conventional one, when they treated kaolin suspensions of different concentrations (500, 100 and 50 mg/L, respectively) coagulated by polyaluminum chloride(PACl) at the up-flow rates of 1 and 2 mm/s, respectively.
ZHANG Zhong-guo CHEN Zhao-yang LI Yan-zhong FAN Jing-hua FAN Bin LUANZhao-kun LU Dao-qiang
A novel material, alumina supported on carbon nanotubes (Al2O3/CNT), was prepared from carbon nano-tubes and A1(NO3)3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra demonstrate that alumina is amorphous, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that CNT and alumina are homogeneously mixed. Furthermore, the fluoride adsorption behavior on the surface of Al2O3/CNT has been investigated and compared with other adsorbents. The results indicate that Al2O3/CNT has a high adsorption capacity, with a saturation adsorption capacity of 39.4 mg/g. It is also found that the adsorption capacity of Al2O3/CNT is 3.0-4.5 times that of γ-Al2O3 while almost equal to that of IRA-410 polymeric resin at 25°C . The adsorption isotherms of fluoride on Al2O3/CNT fit the Freundlich equation well, and optimal pH ranging from 5.0 to 9.0.
WANG ShuguangLI YanhuiZHAO DanXU CailuLUAN ZhaokunLIANG JiWU Dehai
