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作品数:10 被引量:18H指数:3
相关作者:陈华王凯张雪婷王云峰邹燕更多>>
相关机构:南京信息工程大学台州市气象局解放军理工大学更多>>
发文基金:国家自然科学基金国际科技合作与交流专项项目国家重点基础研究发展计划更多>>
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热带气旋的温带变性过程对下游影响的研究进展
2017年
热带气旋(TC)在向高纬度地区移动过程中往往会转变为温带气旋,称之为温带变性(ET)过程。ET过程涉及到热带系统与中纬度环流的复杂相互作用,并对局地系统直至大范围环流均产生影响,这种影响甚至向下游延伸到半球的尺度。由于ET过程及其下游影响给中纬度地区带来严重灾害性天气,而对其的预报一直是一个难题,因而关于此问题的科学研究和业务预报是近年来国际上的一个热点,国内的有关工作也已开展。从TC在ET过程中与中纬度环流的相互作用、ET过程对中纬度下游环流的影响和ET过程及其下游影响的数值预报三个方面总结和分析了近年来国内外的有关研究进展,为国内学术界进一步开展相关研究提供参考。主要进展包括:(1)TC高层出流输出低位涡(PV)空气改变温带上层结构以及TC环流直接作用于中纬度流是TC-中纬度流相互作用的主要方式;TC相对于上游槽的位置对ET过程及其下游影响很关键;各种物理过程在相互作用中起到不同的作用;(2)TC所激发的Rossby波在与急流相联系的上层PV梯度上向下游频散是下游发展的主要方式;下游发展具有显著的边界俘获和上下层耦合发展的特征;(3)目标观测、集合预报和变分同化等技术的发展提高了ET及其下游影响的数值预报水平。
霍也陈华
关键词:热带气旋位涡
西北太平洋各路径类型热带气旋的大型环流场特征
2014年
针对K-均值聚类客观分类法得到的西北太平洋7种主要台风路径类型[1],该文进一步分析了各路径类型热带气旋(简称TC)相应的副热带高压(简称副高)、引导气流等环境场特征。结果显示:①2类直行路径TC的副高呈带状,脊线偏南,西脊点偏西,有利于TC向西直行;5类转向路径的转向点与副高西脊点相比,纬度接近,经度偏西5-10度。②2类直行TC引导气流中的东风带范围更大,5类转向路径的中前期引导气流的偏北分量较大,有利于TC北上转向。③起始日850 hPa距平风场上,转向路径TC南侧的偏西距平风明显大于北侧的偏东距平风。④5类转向TC北侧OLR高值带中的相对低值区对其未来的路径有良好的指示意义;各类TC有向其西北方的OLR负距平区移动的趋向。⑤低纬转向类和西北行转向类在El Nino年的平均频数明显比La Nina年的大,其它几类的两种年型频数差异不大。
郑颖青邹燕余锦华吴启树
关键词:热带气旋环流特征年际变化
THE IMPACTS OF INTERACTION OF A TYPHOON WITH THE MIDLATITUDE TROUGH ON ITS TRACK AFTER THE RECURVATURE被引量:1
2017年
Three typhoon cases are selected to conduct a series of simulations that are initialized from sequential analyses. The results show that the forecast error in crucial area where a tropical cyclone(TC) interactes with the upstream trough is highly correlated to the track forecast error after the TC recurvature. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments confirm that the developments of the midlatitude downstream circulations and then the TC track after its recurvature are highly sensitive to the TC intensity and its location relative to the upstream trough, which can give an example or one way of sensitivity of the TC track to the TC-trough interaction. If the TC interacts with the upstream trough more strongly(e.g., the TC being intensified or getting closer to the upstream trough), the downstream circulations will be more meridional, thus the TC track will be more northerly and westerly; otherwise, the downstream circulations will be more zonal, and the TC track will be more southerly and easterly.
王凯陈华王金梅
热带气旋的温带变性过程对中纬度下游环流的影响被引量:4
2014年
用WRF模式对变性台风(TC)马勒卡进行模拟,研究了在台风的变性过程(ET)的作用下中纬度下游环流特别是中纬度急流的发展,对台风的强度及其相对上游槽位置的敏感性。结果表明:TC与中纬度系统的相互作用会使得中纬度急流处的斜压不稳定性增大,急流增强。下游环流的发展对TC强度及TC与西风带上游槽的相对位置非常敏感。若TC增强,TC溢出流作用于中纬度急流,使之不稳定性增强,强度也增强,从而导致中纬度下游急流的强度、范围都增强,下游槽脊更显著。若台风减弱则反之。类似的,若TC靠近上游槽,其对中纬度急流的作用得到进一步加强和提前,急流的不稳定性增加,强度增强,下游的急流和槽脊也得到增强。若TC远离上游槽,则反之。
王凯张雪婷王云峰陈华
关键词:急流位涡
热带大气对非绝热加热的响应及其与ENSO循环关系
2015年
通过求解赤道β平面上的线性运动方程,研究了热带大气对主要由海洋热状况异常导致的大气非绝热加热的响应,并探讨了该过程与ENSO循环的关系。结果表明,非绝热加热的直接作用及其产生的Kelvin波、Rossby短波是大气零阶的扰动位势和纬向风速变化的原因。在El Nino期间,大洋西部首先发展出正的大气位势异常。但随着海洋热状况的正异常的持续,随之在大洋西部即开始孕育和发展,导致热带太平洋海气耦合系统回归正常状态,甚至是转向La Nina的大气异常状态或系统,其标识是非绝热的异常加热所激发的大气Kelvin波的产生和东传,并伴随正位势异常的大值向东移动和大洋西部正的位势异常减弱,信风由此而增强。在La Nina的盛期,海洋热状况存在负异常(即弱于平均状态),则将有相反的过程。
陈华霍也
关键词:大气环流热带大气非绝热加热ENSO
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MAINTENANCE AND INCREASE IN HEAVY RAINFALL OF THE LANDING TROPICAL STORM BILIS AND MOISTURE TRANSPORT FROM LOWER LATITUDES被引量:4
2017年
The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) tropical cyclone tracks and intensive surface observations are used to diagnose the features of moisture transport of tropical storm Bilis(No. 0604), which is simulated by the WRF(weather research and forecasting) mesoscale numerical model. It is shown that the Bilis was linked with the moisture channel in the lower latitudes after its landing. Meanwhile, the cross-equatorial flows over 80°-100°E and Somali were active and brought abundant water vapor into the tropical storm, facilitating the maintenance of the landing storm with intensified heavy rainfall along its path. The simulation suggested that the decreased water vapor from lower latitudes prevents the maintenance of Bilis and the development of rainfall. While the cross-equatorial flows over 80°-100°E and Somali were in favor of keeping the cyclonic circulation over land. If the moisture supply fro m the Somali jet stream was reduced, the strength and area of heavy rainfall in tropical cyclone would be remarkably weakened. Consequently, the decreased water vapor from lower latitudes can remarkably suppress the deep convection in tropical storm, then Bilis was damped without the persistent energy support and the rainfall was diminished accordingly.
王黎娟戴竹君何洁琳
台风变性过程中下游环流发展的个例对比研究被引量:1
2016年
台风在温带变性过程(Extratropical Transition,ET)中与中纬度系统的相互作用会引起下游环流的发展,选取3个台风个例,通过分析涡动动能收支和理想化模拟实验对其下游发展机制进行研究。3个台风的变性过程所引起的下游发展都具有共同的机制,即首先在上层下游有脊和槽先后发展,随后激发低层涡旋生成,并与之耦合,形成一个贯穿整个对流层的深厚气旋系统。促使下游脊生成和发展的非地转位势通量源于台风,高层系统向下输送的垂直非地转位势通量在低层辐合,使得涡旋在低层发展。模拟实验表明,台风出流向中纬度急流区域输送低位涡(Potential Vorticity,PV)空气,使得其PV梯度增大和斜压性增强,从而激发了Rossby波在急流中生成并沿之向下游传播,而下游槽脊对引起更下游波型的发展也是通过Rossby波的频散而达成。
陈华霍也
关键词:台风位涡
台风与中纬度槽的相互作用对其转向之后的路径的影响被引量:7
2015年
选取三个台风个例(2004年"桑达"、2005年"彩蝶"、2009年"彩云"),分别以多个相邻时次作为初始时刻进行一系列的数值模拟,结果表明热带气旋(TC)与上游槽相互作用的关键区域的预报误差与TC转向后的路径预报误差表现出显著的相关性。以2010年"马勒卡"台风为个例的敏感性试验证实了中纬度下游环流的发展及TC转向之后的移动路径对TC的强度和TC相对于上游槽的位置很敏感,这个结果给出了TC路径对TC-槽相互作用的敏感性的一个例子或一种方式。若TC增强或更接近上游槽,TC与上游槽的相互作用增强,TC向中纬度输出低PV空气的能力增强,由此导致下游区域的PV梯度增大,同时TC对中纬度梯度的扰动也会加强,因而会引起中纬度下游环流发展增强,且偏经向,TC在转向之后的路径偏北偏西;反之则下游环流偏纬向,路径偏南偏东。
陈华王凯
关键词:热带气旋台风路径
Downstream Development of Baroclinic Waves in the Midlatitude Jet Induced by Extratropical Transition: A Case Study被引量:3
2015年
This study uses eddy kinetic energy analysis and a targeting method to investigate how an extratropical transition(ET)event induced downstream development(the modification of the midlatitude flow downstream of the ET system) in the midlatitude jet environment. The downstream development showed distinct characteristics of "coupling development" and being "boundary-trapped". Eddies(potential disturbances) first developed at the upper levels, and these triggered lower-level eddy development, with all eddies decaying away from the tropopause and the surface. Thereafter, a lower-level eddy caught up with the upper-level eddy ahead of it, and they coupled to form a cyclone extending through the whole troposphere. Vertical ageostrophic geopotential flux may be a crucial dynamic factor throughout the eddy's lower-level growth, boundary-trapping,and coupling development.Together with barotropic conversion, the ageostrophic geopotential fluxes that were transported from Hurricane Fabian(2003) to the midlatitudes by the outflow led to downstream ridge development in the upper-level jet. The strong downstream advection of eddy kinetic energy in the exit region of the jet streak triggered downstream trough development. The well-known ridge–trough couplet thus formed. The vertical ageostrophic fluxes that were transported downward from the developed upper-level systems converged near the surface and resulted in lower-level eddy growth. Baroclinic conversion was negligible near the boundaries, while it was the main source of eddy kinetic energy at mid-levels. In the upper-level jet, potential energy was converted to the mean kinetic energy of the jet, which in turn was converted to eddy kinetic energy through barotropic conversion.
CHEN Hua
Diagnosis of the Secondary Circulation of Tropical Storm Bilis(2006) and the Effects of Convective Systems on Its Track被引量:1
2014年
We diagnose characteristics of the quasi-balanced flow and secondary circulation(SC) of tropical storm Bilis(2006) using the potential vorticity(PV)-ω inversion method.We further analyze how secondary steering flows associated with mesoscale convective systems affected the track of tropical storm Bilis after it made landfall.The quasi-balanced asymmetric and axisymmetric circulation structures of tropical storm Bilis are represented well by the PV-w inversion.The magnitude of the nonlinear quasi-balanced vertical velocity is approximately 75%of the magnitude simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model.The SC of Bilis(2006) contained two strong regions of ascending motion,both of which were located in the southwest quadrant of the storm.The first(150-200 km southwest of the storm center) corresponded to the eyewall region,while the second(approximately 400 km southwest of the storm center) corresponded to latent heat release associated with strong precipitation in major spiral rainbands.The SC was very weak in the northeast quadrant(the upshear direction).Dynamical processes related to the environmental vertical wind shear produced an SC that partially offset the destructive effects of the environmental vertical wind shear(by 20%-25%).This SC consisted of upward motion in the southwest quadrant and subsidence in the northeast quadrant,with airflow oriented from southwest to northeast at high altitudes and from northeast to southwest at lower levels.The inverted secondary zonal and meridional steering flows associated with continuous asymmetric mesoscale convective systems were about-2.14 and-0.7 m s^(-1),respectively.These steering flows contributed substantially to the zonal(66.15%) and meridional(33.98%) motion of the storm at 0000 UTC15 July 2006.The secondary steering flow had a significant influence on changing the track of Bilis from southward to northward.The direction of the large-scale meridional steering flow(3.02 m s^(-1)) was
余锦华符昊唐盛盛思伟
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