Gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured to study the effects of soil water deficit （75, 60 and 45% of field capacity, FC） on the photosynthetic activity of drip-irrigated cotton under field conditions. At light intensities above 1 200 IJmol m-2 s-1, leaf net photosynthetic rate （mn） at 60 and 45% FC was 0.75 and 0.45 times respectively than that of 75% FC. The chlorophyll content, leaf water potential and yield decreased as soil water deficit decreased. Fiber length was significantly lower at 45% FC than at 75% FC. The actual quantum yield of the photosystem II （PSII） primary photo- chemistry and the photochemical quenching were significantly greater at 60% FC than at 75% FC. The electron transport rate and non-photochemical quenching at 45% FC were 0.91 and 1.29 times than those at 75% FC, respectively. The amplitudes of the K- and L-bands were higher at 45% FC than at 60% FC. As soil water content decreased, active PSII reaction centers per chlorophyll decreased, functional PSII antenna size increased, and energetic connectivity between PSII units decreased. Electron flow from plastoquinol to the PSI end electron acceptors was significantly lower at 45% FC than at 75% FC. Similar to the effect on leaf Po, water deficit reduced the performance index （PIABs, tot） in the dark-adapted state. These results suggest that （i） the effect of mild water deficit on photosystem activity was mainly related to processes between plastoquinol and the PSI end electron acceptors, （ii） PSI end electron acceptors were only affected at moderate water deficit, and （iii） PIABs. tota can reliably indicate the effect of water deficit on the energy supply for cotton metabolism.
LUO Hong-haiTsimilli-michael MeropeZHANG Ya-liZHANG Wang-feng
Water deficit is one of the most important causes of decreased yield in cultivated plants. Non-foliar green organs in cotton play an important role in yield formation at the late growth stage. Although better photosynthetic performance was observed in a non-foliar organ （bract） compared with leaves under water deficit. However, the physiological response of each organ in cotton to water deficit has not been comprehensively studied in relation to the water status and photosynthesis characteristics. We studied the maintenance of water status of each organ in cotton by measuring their relative water content, proline content and stomatal characteristics. Water deficit significantly decreased the surface area of each organ, but to a lesser extent in non-foliar organs. Our results showed that the relative contribution of biomass accumulation of non-foliar organs increased under water deficit. Non-foliar organs （bracts and capsule wall） showed less ontogenetic decrease in O2 evolution capacity and in RuBPC activity （per dry weight） as well as better antioxidant systems than leaves at various days after anthesis. We conclude that the photosynthesis from non-foliar organs is important for increasing cotton yield especially under water deficit conditions.
HU Yuan-yuanZHANG Ya-liYI Xiao-pingZHAN Dong-xiaLUO Hong-haiChow Wah SoonZHANG Wang-feng
【目的】分析膜下滴灌和传统漫灌对棉花叶铃配置关系的影响,研究膜下滴灌棉花高产原理,寻求增产新途径。【方法】设置膜下滴灌和传统漫灌两种灌溉方式,并设两个灌水量:3 900和6 000 m 3/hm 2,共4个处理。测定棉花叶面积、光吸收率、干物质累积和棉花产量构成因子等指标,分析不同灌溉方式对棉花叶铃配置关系及产量的影响。【结果】盛铃后期,相比传统漫灌,膜下滴灌棉花叶面积指数高出30.66%,冠层上部叶面积指数维持在2~2.5,中下部在1~1.5,冠层各部位光吸收量均匀;同时不同冠层结铃比例适中,与各层光分布比例耦合良好,有利于光合产物生产。3 900 m 3/hm 2灌水量下,膜下滴灌棉花相对传统漫灌棉花增产25.07%;而6 000 m 3/hm 2灌水量下,膜下滴灌棉花相对传统漫灌棉花减产6.74%,过量灌水不利于膜下滴灌棉花产量形成。【结论】相比传统漫灌,膜下滴灌棉花叶铃配置更合理,光合生产力更强,有利于光合产物向生殖器官转运和产量形成。
