采用廉价的工业废料硼酸钙(其主要成分为CaO和B2O3,其质量分数共计约75%,下文均简称为硼酸钙)为原料,原料中不足的硼源由B4C或硼酐取代,通过碳热还原法低成本合成CaB6粉体.实验结果表明以B4C为反应物所制备得到的CaB6粉体的转化率高于以硼酐为反应物的试样.以硼酸钙,B4C和碳为原料的CaB6粉体合成的最佳烧结工艺为1923 K保温30 min.
The mass of high-speed trains can be reduced using the brake disk prepared with SiC network ceramic frame reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy composite （SiCn/Al）. The thermal and stress analyses of SiCn/Al brake disk during emergency braking at a speed of 300 km/h considering airflow cooling were investigated using finite element （FE） and computational fluid dynamics （CFD） methods. All three modes of heat transfer （conduction, convection and radiation） were analyzed along with the design features of the brake assembly and their interfaces. The results suggested that the higher convection coefficients achieved with airflow cooling will not only reduce the maximum temperature in the braking but also reduce the thermal gradients, since heat will be removed faster from hotter parts of the disk. Airflow cooling should be effective to reduce the risk of hot spot formation and disc thermal distortion. The highest temperature after emergency braking was 461 °C and 359 °C without and with considering airflow cooling, respectively. The equivalent stress could reach 269 MPa and 164 MPa without and with considering airflow cooling, respectively. However, the maximum surface stress may exceed the material yield strength during an emergency braking, which may cause a plastic damage accumulation in a brake disk without cooling. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results well.
B4C-TiB2-Al composites were fabricated by infiltrating aluminum into porous B4C-TiB2 preforms in vacuum. The microstucture and mechanical properties of the B4C-TiB2-Al composites were investigated. The hardness decreased, the flexural strength increased, and the fracture toughness first increased and then decreased slightly with an increase in TiB2 content. The BaC-TiB2-Al composite with 40wt.% TiB2 showed the optimized properties. The infiltrated aluminum addition was the leading reason for the fracture toughness improvement of the composites. The tear ridges and dimples on the fracture surface of the composites increased gradually with the increase of infdtrated alu- minum content showing inter/transgranular fracture mode. The relationships between the microstructures and the mechanical properties of the composites were discussed.
Lü Peng, YUE Xinyan, RU Hongqiang, and YU Liang Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
