This article experimentally investigated the pressure and cavitation characteristics of high velocity flow over a surface irregularity with and without aeration in a non-circulating water tunnel system. The surface irregularity is a cylindrical protrusion made of stainless steel of 6 mm diameter and 2 mm height. Pressures with and without aeration were measured with MPX400D pressure transducers and real-timely acquired by a SINOCERA YE6263 data acquisition system. Variations in flow regimes with and without aeration were observed. Pressure profiles and their variations with air concentration upper and lower cylindrical protrusion on the invert and obvert walls were determined. Variations of cavitation number with air concentration lower cylindrical protrusion were analyzed. Also, cavitation numbers in the presence and absence of aeration were compared.
DONG Zhi-yongLIU Zhi-pingWU Yi-hongZHANG Dong China
The hydraulic characteristics and cavitation erosion near the converse curvature section in the high-head and large discharge spillway tunnel have been important issues of concern to the hydropower project.In this paper,the evolutions of hydraulic elements such as pressure,flow velocity,wall shear stress,etc.in the converse curvature section are analyzed and the impacts of bottom aerator on hydraulic characteristics are discussed,with the commercial software FLUENT6.3 as a platform and combining the k-model and VOF method.The flow pattern in the converse curvature section of spillway tunnel is given by the three-dimensional numerical simulation.It indicates that the pressure changes rapidly with great pressure gradient from the beginning to the end of the curve.It also shows that the shear stress on side wall just downstream the end of the converse curvature curve is still increasing;the aeration cavity formed downstream the bottom aerator may cause the side wall pressure decreased to worsen the cavitation characteristics near the side wall.By means of the physical model experiment,the three-dimensional aerator composed of side wall baffling aerator and bottom aerator is studied,the baffling aerator suitable for the water flow conditions with water depth of 6.0 to 8.0 m and flow velocity of 35 to 50 m/s is proposed.
LIU ZhiPing 1,2,ZHANG Dong 2,ZHANG HongWei 2 &WU YiHong 1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,Beijing 100038,China
