Food intake has a great influence on blood glucose in patients with diabetes. This study was to determine the glycemic index（GI） and glycemic load（GL） of a particular pomelo named Majia pomelo and its effects on postprandial glucose（PPG） in patients with type 2 diabetes（T2D）. Twenty healthy subjects and 20 T2D patients（controlled on lifestyle measures and/or metformin） were tested on 2 separate days with 50 g of glucose and 50 g equivalent of carbohydrates from Majia pomelo for GI measurement. To test effects of Majia pomelo on PPG, 19 hospitalized T2D patients（controlled on insulin therapy） were selected for a 9-day study. The dose of insulin for each patient was adjusted on the first 3 days. A total of 100 g Majia pomelo was consumed per meal in the last 3 tested days. Blood glucose was measured to evaluate the glycemic excursions. The GIs for Majia pomelo in healthy individuals and T2D patients were 78.34±1.88 and 72.15±1.95 respectively. The value of GL was as low as 4.23 in diabetic patients with serving size of 100 g pomelo, indicting Majia pomelo as a high GI but low GL fruit. Consumption of Majia pomelo in hospitalized T2D patients did not cause significant glucose fluctuation. It was concluded that high GI pomelo can serve as a low GL fruit if it is consumed with a limited daily amount and thus can be supplied to diabetic patients. These results may mean more varieties of food choices for T2D patients.
It has been observed that the consumption of litchi often causes symptoms characterized by itching or sore throat,gum swelling,oral cavity ulcers and even fever and inflammation,which significantly impair the quality of life of a large population.Using the RAW264.7 cell line,a step-by-step strategy was used to screen for the components in litchi fruits that elicited adverse reactions.The adverse reaction fractions were identified by mass spectrometry and analyzed using the SMART program,and a sequence alignment of the homologous proteins was performed.MTT tests were used to determine the cytotoxicity of a litchi protein extract in RAW264.7 macrophages,and real-time PCR was applied to analyze the expression of inflammatory genes in the RAW264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide or the litchi protein extract.The results showed that the litchi water-soluble protein extract could increase the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1β,iNOS and COX-2,and the anti-inflammatory mediator HO-1 in the RAW264.7 cell line.The 14-3-3-like proteins GF14 lambda,GF14 omega and GF14 upsilon were likely the candidate proteins that caused the adverse effects.
Xiaoli WangXiaorong HuHuiqing YanZhaocheng MaXiuxin Deng
Dof(DNA-binding with one finger)蛋白是植物特有的一类转录因子,在植物生长发育过程中起着重要的作用。在其N-末端有一个52氨基酸残基组成的高度保守的C2-C2单锌指结构,称为Dof保守域,能够特异性的识别植物启动子序列中的AAAG/CTTT作用元件,从而激活或抑制植物基因的表达;其C-末端的转录调控结构域,氨基酸序列较为多变,不具有保守性,是Dof蛋白在植物中功能多样性的基础;同时Dof蛋白也具有和蛋白相互作用的功能。在过去的十几年里,大量的Dof基因被克隆鉴定或从基因组数据库中预测出来,Dof蛋白在植物生长发育中的作用也受到更多关注。本文就Dof转录因子的特点,各物种中已经报道的Dof转录因子的数目、系统进化关系和分类及其生物学功能的进展进行了综述。
