以酿酒酵母为发酵菌种,开展了刺参饲料发酵条件优化的研究。测定不同含水量、温度和发酵时间条件下发酵饲料的感官性状评价和理化指标。结果表明,以10%(V/W)的接种量接入酿酒酵母种子液、发酵温度25℃、含水量70%发酵时间为3d的实验组效果最好:发酵饲料的干物质回收率(Dry matter recovery,DMR)、粗蛋白含量(Crude protein,CP)、氨基酸态氮占总氮的含量(Percentage of amino acid nitrogen to total nitrogen,AA-N/tN)分别达到最高值,氨态氮占总氮的含量(Percentage of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen,NH3-N/tN)相对较低;饲料的气味、颜色和黏度等综合感观性状达到最佳。研究表明,酿酒酵母可以作为发酵刺参饲料的备选菌种,其最适发酵条件:环境温度25℃、基础饲料含水量70%、发酵时间3d。研究结果将为新型海参饲料的制备和应用提供途径。
The effects of different microbes on fermenting feed for sea cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus） were compared to select the optimal fermentation strain in this study. Saccharomgces cerevisae, Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis and Geotrichum candidum were independently added into the experimental compound feed, while only saline was mixed with the control feed. The fermentation treatments were inoculated with 10% seed solution under the condition of 25 ~C and 70% water content, which lasted for 5 days to elucidate the optimal microbe strain for fermenting effect. Physicochemical indexes and sensorial characteristics were measured per day during the fermentation. The indexes included dry matter recovery （DMR）, crude protein （CP）, the percentage of amino acid nitrogen to total nitrogen （AA-N/tN）, the percentage of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen （NH3-N/tN）, and the ratio of fermentation strains and vibrios to the total microbes, color, smell and viscosity. The results showed that DMR, CP and AA-N/tN of the S. cerevisae group reached the highest level on day 3, but the ratio of fermentation strain was second to C. utilis group. In addition, its NH3-N/tN and the ratio of vibrios were maintained at low levels, and the sensory evaluation score including smell, color and viscosity was the highest in S. cerevisae group on day 3. Therefore, S. cerevisae could be the optimal strain for the feed fermentation for sea cucumber. This research developed a new production method of fermentation feed for sea cucumber.
