Gold nanomaterials are immerging candidates in medical diagnosis and treatment.Among them,gold nanorods(Au NRs)are widely used for cancer treatment.Tiopronin as a novel thiol drug was used to stabilize Au NRs in this work.Doxorubicin(DOX),a chemotherapeutic drug which works by interacting with DNA to arrest the cell cycle and induce apoptosis,was linked to Au NRs through electrostatic reaction with tiopronin,to obtain Au-TIOP-DOX NRs.Au NRs are also regarded as hyperthermia agents for photothermal cancer treatment.This delivery system(Au-TIOP-DOX NRs)was designed for passively targeting tumor cells in cancer therapy.More importantly,the carboxyl groups of tiopronin can be modified with some biological molecules(DNA/RNA,peptides,or drugs)to make Au NRs as a novel drug-delivery system for cancer treatment.
HUO ShuaiDongJIN ShuBinZHENG KaiYuanHE ShengTaiWANG DongLiangLIANG XingJie
As unique nanoparticles,fullerenes have attracted much attention due to their unparalleled physical,chemical and biological properties.Various functionalized fullerenes with OH,NH2,COOH,and peptide modifications were developed.It summarized the biological activities of fullerenes derivatives in cancer therapy with high efficiency and low toxicity,as reactive oxygen species scavenger and lipid peroxidation inhibitor,to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus and to suppress bacteria and microbial at low concentration.In addition,the mechanism for fullerene to enter cells and biodistribution of fullerene in vivo was also discussed.This research focuses on the current understanding of fullerenes-based nanomaterials in the potential clinical application as well as biological mechanism of fullerenes and its derivatives in disease therapy.
MA HuiLi & LIANG Xing-Jie Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
In the fight against cancer, controlled drug delivery systems have emerged to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and safety of anti-cancer drugs. Among these systems, mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs) with a functional surface possess obvious advantages and were thus rapidly developed for cancer treatment. Many stimuli-responsive materials, such as nanoparticles, polymers, and inorganic materials, have been applied as caps and gatekeepers to control drug release from MSNs. This review presents an overview of the recent progress in the production of pH-responsive MSNs based on the pH gradient between normal tissues and the tumor microenvironment. Four main categories of gatekeepers can respond to acidic conditions. These categories will be described in detail.
Multidrug resistance(MDR),which significantly decreases the efficacy of anticancer drugs and causes tumor recurrence,has been a major challenge in clinical cancer treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs for decades.Several mechanisms of overcoming drug resistance have been postulated.Well known P-glycoprotein(P-gp) and other drug efflux transporters are considered to be critical in pumping anticancer drugs out of cells and causing chemotherapy failure.Innovative theranostic(therapeutic and diagnostic) strategies with nanoparticles are rapidly evolving and are anticipated to offer opportunities to overcome these limits.In this review,we discuss the mechanisms of drug efflux-mediated resistance and the application of multiple nanoparticle-based platforms to overcome chemoresistance and improve therapeutic outcome.
