We studied the role of sophorolipid in inhibiting harmful algae bloom(HAB).Different sophorolipid concentrations were tested on marine microalgae,zooplankton,fish,and bivalve(Mytilus edulis) in laboratory.The result shows that sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of algal species selectively.Among three algae species selected,Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis was promoted with increasing sophorolipid concentration;Isochrysis galbana was inhibited seven days later in sophorolipid concentration below 40 mg/L;and Nitzschia closterium f.minutissima was inhibited obviously in only a high sophorolipid concentration over 20 mg/L.Therefore,sophorolipid in a low concentration at <20 mg/L could remove certain harmful algae species effectively without harming other non-harmful microalgae.For other animals,sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of ciliate Strombidium sp.by 50% at 20 mg/L sophorolipid concentration after 96 h.The concentration in 96-h LC50 for Calanus sinicus,Neomysis awatschensis,Lateolabrax japonicus,and Paralichthys olivaceus was 15,150,60,and 110 mg/L,respectively.The 24 h LC50 value for Artemia salina was 600 mg/L.The relative clearance rate of mussel Mytilus edulis decreased to 80%,40%,and 20% of the control group after being exposed to 20,50,and 100 mg/L sophorolipid for 24 h.Therefore,the toxicity for mitigation of harmful algae bloom at previously recommended concentration of 5-20 mg/L sophorolipid is low for most tested organisms in this reaserch.
