In order to ensure that the photovoltaic(PV) array always works at the global maximum point of power to increase the system's overall efficiency, this paper leads the study on maximum power point tracking(MPPT) in redundant load mode. A new control system is designed by combining the redundant electronic load module, embedded controller, supportive capacitor and boost circuit. The system adjusts duty ratio of boost circuit dynamically based on the maximum power point parameter provided by redundant load unit in order to realize MPPT. An experiment shows that no matter whether system is under an even illumination or partly perturbed by shadow, this method can find the exact maximum power point.
4-ary pulse amplitude modulation(4PAM) signals with 33% and 50% return-to-zero(RZ) clocks are generated for passive optical network(PON). We demonstrate that RZ-4PAM signals with duty cycles of 33% and 50% after transmission over 20-km-long single mode fiber(SMF) at 10 Gbit/s can be directly detected by using one photo detector,and the original data can also be restored by one M-ary threshold detector and one 4PAM sequence decoder. The optical spectra of 33% and 50% RZ-4PAM signals are measured,and their eye-diagrams before and after transmission are also analyzed. Simulation results show that 33% and 50% RZ-4PAM downlink signals can be received effectively,and the received power values are-15.1 d Bm and-13.8 d Bm when the bit error rate(BER) is 10^(-6). Moreover,33% RZ-4PAM optical signals have better reception performance than 50% RZ-4PAM optical signals.
In this paper,we describe the generation,detection,and performance of frequency-shift keying (FSK) for high-speed optical transmission and label switching.A non-return-to-zero (NRZ) FSK signal is generated by using two continuous-wave (CW) lasers,one Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM),and one Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer (MZDI).An RZ-FSK signal is generated by cascading a dual-arm MZM,which is driven by a sinusoidal voltage at half the bit rate.Demodulation can be achieved on 1 bit rate through one MZDI or an array waveguide grating (AWG) demultiplexer with balanced detection.We perform numerical simulation on two types of frequency modulation schemes using MZM or PM,and we determine the effect of frequency tone spacing (FTS) on the generated FSK signal.In the proposed scheme,a novel frequency modulation format has transmission advantages compared with traditional modulation formats such as RZ and differential phase-shift keying (DPSK),under varying dispersion management.The performance of an RZ-FSK signal in a 4 × 40 Gb/s WDM transmission system is discussed.We experiment on transparent wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and in a highly nonlinear dispersion shifted fiber (HNDSF) for a 40 Gb/s RZ-FSK signal.The feasibility of all-optical signal processing of a high-speed RZ-FSK signal is confirmed.We also determine the receiver power penalty for the RZ-FSK signal after a 100 km standard single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission link with matching dispersion compensating fiber (DCF),under the post-compensation management scheme.Because the frequency modulation format is orthogonal to intensity modulation and vector modulation (polarization shift keying),it can be used in the context of the combined modulation format to decrease the data rate or enhance the symbol rate.It can also be used in orthogonal label-switching as the modulation format for the payload or the label.As an example,we propose a simple orthogonal optical label switching technique based on 4
针对海岛间通信系统存在建设成本高和传输信号需要中继放大等问题,文章采用曼彻斯特编解码设计了一种新型自由空间光(FSO)通信系统,支持100 km海底光缆(采用G.654普通单模光纤)级联1 km FSO无线链路实现10 Gbit/s光信号的收发和传输。文章采用仿真实验测试了无线光信号在晴天、雨天和雾天中传输前后的时域波形、光谱、眼图和误码率(BER)等指标。研究结果表明,光信号接收机灵敏度在背对背系统中为-18.92 dBm;光信号接收机在晴天、雨天和雾天,经100 km海底光缆级联1 km FSO信道传输信号时的灵敏度分别为-17.72、-16.66和-11.16 dBm。相关结果证明,应用曼彻斯特码的海岛间FSO通信系统在未来海域信息传输领域具有重要的潜在应用价值。
In this paper, the performance of a 60 GHz radio over fiber(Ro F) system with 4/16/64 quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) downstream signals is studied. Delivery of 10 Gbit/s M-ary QAM(MQAM) OFDM signals through the 20-km-long single-mode fiber(SMF) is complicated in terms of intensity modulation and direct detection(IM/DD). Using self-homodyne method, the beating of two independent light waves generating the millimeter-wave at the photodetector can be down-converted to baseband in the electrical domain. Meanwhile, three kinds of sub-carrier arrangement schemes are compared and discussed, and the simulation results show that lower peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) can be obtained adopting the adjacent scheme. At bit error rate(BER) of 10^(-3), the receiver sensitivity using 4QAM-OFDM sub-carrier signal is almost enhanced by 4 dB and 9 dB compared with those of 16 QAM-OFDM signal and 64 QAM-OFDM signal.
