爬行动物性别决定方式主要有遗传依赖型性别决定(genetic sex determination,GSD)和环境依赖型性别决定(environmental sex determination,ESD),而ESD又以温度依赖型性别决定(temperature sex determination,TSD)为主。研究爬行动物TSD有助于人们弄清楚环境条件对物种表型的影响,从而更好地利用环境条件和遗传基础的共同机制来人为的改善或者诱导具TSD型物种的进化方向,以实现自然和人类的最大利益。该篇综述从母系活动、气候变化(全球气候变暖)、类固醇以及TSD机制四个方面总结了近年来关于爬行动物TSD的最新研究。
Auxin plays critical roles in root formation and development. The components involved in this process,however, are not well understood. Here, we newly identified a peptide encoding gene, auxin‐responsive endogenous polypeptide 1(AREP1), which is induced by auxin, and mediates root development in Arabidopsis. Expression of AREP1 was specific to the cotyledon and to root and shoot meristem tissues. Amounts of AREP1 transcripts and AREP1‐green fluorescent protein fusion proteins were elevated in response to indoleacetic acid treatment. Suppression of AREP1 through RNAi silencing resulted in reduction of primary root length, increase of lateral root number, and expansion of adventitious roots, compared to the observations in wild‐type plants in the presence of auxin. By contrast, transgenic plants overexpressing AREP1 showed enhanced growth of the primary root under auxin treatment.Additionally, root morphology, including lateral root number and adventitious roots, differed greatly between transgenic and wild‐type plants. Further analysis indicated that the expression of auxin‐responsive genes, such as IAA3, IAA7, IAA17, GH3.2, GH3.3,and SAUR‐AC1, was significantly higher in AREP1 RNAi plants, and was slightly lower in AREP1 overexpressing plants than in wild‐type plants. These results suggest that the novel endogenous peptide AREP1 plays an important role in the process of auxin‐mediated root development.
Fengxi YangYu SongHao YangZhibin LiuGenfa ZhuYi Yang
