In this paper,characteristics of flow and convective heat transfer of China RP-3 kerosene in straight circular pipe were numerically studied.Navier-Stokes equations were solved using RNG k-turbulence model with low Reynolds number correction.The thermophysical and transport properties of the China RP-3 kerosene were calculated with a 10-species surrogate and the extended corresponding state method(ECS) combined with Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation.The independence of grids was first studied and the numerical results were then compared with experimental data for validation.Under flow conditions given in the paper,the results show that deterioration of convective heat transfer occurs when the wall temperature is slightly higher than the pseudo-critical temperature of kerosene for cases with wall heat flux of 1.2 and 0.8 MW/m 2.The degree of the heat transfer deterioration is weakened as the heat flux decreases.The deterioration,however,does not happen when the heat flux on the pipe wall is reduced to 0.5 MW/m 2.Based on the analysis of the near-wall turbulent properties,it is found that the heat transfer deterioration and then the enhancement are attributed partly to the change in the turbulent kinetic energy in the vicinity of pipe wall.The conventional heat transfer relations such as Sieder-Tate and Gnielinski formulas can be used for the estimation of kerosene heat convection under subcritical conditions,but they are not capable of predicting the phenomenon of heat transfer deterioration.The modified Bae-Kim formula can describe the heat transfer deterioration.In addition,the frictional drag would increase dramatically when the fuel transforms to the supercritical state.
In this paper, compressible flow of aviation kerosene at supercritical conditions has been studied both numerically and experimentally. The thermophysical properties of supercritical kerosene are calculated using a 10- species surrogate based on the principle of extended corresponding states （ECS）. Isentropic acceleration of supercritical kerosene to subsonic and supersonic speeds has been analyzed numerically. It has been found that the isentropic relationships of supercritical kerosene are significantly dif- ferent from those of ideal gases, A two-stage fuel heating and delivery system is used to heat the kerosene up to a tem- perature of 820 K and pressure of 5.5 MPa with a maximum mass flow rate of 100 g/s. The characteristics of supercritical kerosene flows in a converging-diverging nozzle （Laval nozzle） have been studied experimentally. The results show that stable supersonic flows of kerosene could be established in the temperature range of 730 K-820 K and the measurements in the wall pressure agree with the numerical calculation.
Feng-Quan ZhongXue-Jun FanJing WangGong YuJian-Guo Li
