在建筑物火灾中,人员安全疏散与人员的生命安全直接相关。人员能否安全疏散主要取决于疏散到安全区所用时间的长短,人员疏散时间在考虑建筑物结构和人员距离安全区的远近等环境因素的同时,还必须综合考虑处于火灾等紧急情况下人员的自然状况和人员心理及行为特征。本文在组织人员应急疏散演习测量个体疏散时间的基础上,结合影响人员疏散行为和疏散时间的相关因素,采用世界先进统计软件SPSS12 for Windows进行多元线性回归分析,建立人员疏散时间回归模型。该研究技术科学、先进,结果可信。研究结果将充实我国人员疏散心理和行为反应数据库,为建筑防火性能化设计,尤其是设计人员密集建筑提供基础数据和初步的分析。
Fire smoke movement of multi-floor and multi-room (MFMR) fire was studied at the model test building in State Key Laboratory of Fire Science (SKLFS). The ingredient, temperature, air pressure difference and air velocity of smoke were measured and analyzed. Meanwhile, the hazard of smoke ingredient to exposed occupants was analyzed based on the national standard, Occupational Exposure Limit for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace (GBZ2-2002). The experimental results showed that the maximum temperature difference in MFMR fire was located along the vertical height from the fire source. With the spreading and diffusion of smoke, the temperature of smoke layer would tend to be no difference. In the fire of woodpile and kerosene, the main smoke ingredients such as SO 2 , CO and CO 2 would first exceed human’s average physiological limit, while smoke ingredients such as NO and NO 2 would come behind. Because of the higher fluctuation range and frequency of air pressure difference of smoke in multi-layer building fire, the fire smoke would spread around everywhere of the passageway and made the human evacuation more difficult.
ZHONG Maohua 1, 2 , LI Peide 2 , LIU Tiemin 1 , WEI Xing 1, 2 & LIAO Guangxuan 2 1. National Center of Safety Science and Technology, State Administration of Work Safety, Beijing 100029, China
