巴里坤湖是我国西风区古气候环境演变研究的理想区域.根据BLK-1剖面多指标建立了巴里坤湖9 000 cal a BP以来的时间序列,了解其气候演变的过程.结合巴里坤湖古气候演变及砷元素含量的波动变化,发现砷元素变化响应气候环境的演变:气候冷干时期,砷含量较多;而暖湿时期则相对少.此外,砷含量的变化很好地指示了全新世的气候突变事件.巴里坤湖沉积物中砷元素主要来源于湖泊周边基岩受物理风化产生的碎屑,并经由风力带入湖中沉积.干旱的气候环境下,砷的沉积速率较湿润期变化明显.研究结果表明,砷对于我国西风区的古气候环境演变及气候突变事件具有指示作用;砷沉积速率的突变表明在干旱气候环境条件下,砷可能比其他元素更为敏感.不同气候环境下砷元素的来源及波动,也为砷污染的防治提供参考.
根据中国西北干旱区巴里坤湖BLK-1剖面沉积物的地化元素分析,采用SPSS因子分析法提取了对沉积环境变化敏感的地化元素和氧化物组分.在R、Q型因子分析的基础上,结合沉积物的硅铁铝率(SiO2/(Al2O3+Fe2O3))、淋失系数(SiO2/(MgO+K2O))、CaO/MgO以及腐殖化度等指标,提取出古气候环境信息.初步研究结果表明:近9.0 cal ka BP以来,巴里坤湖地区气候环境仍以干旱化为主,全新世期间出现过多次不同程度的干湿变化,经历了5个气候阶段:9.0—7.5 cal ka BP期间,气候干旱;7.5—5.8 cal ka BP期间,气候温暖湿润,为研究区全新世最佳适宜期;5.8—3.0 cal ka BP期间,气候干旱;3.0—1.0 cal ka BP期间,气候湿润;1.0—0 cal ka BP期间,气候干旱.
In the present work,15400 yr old geochemical records of a core from the subalpine Daping swamp are presented with the aim to examine the relationship between the chemical weathering and the climatic changes in the region of the western Nanling Mountains,China.The climate of the study region was deeply controlled by the East Asian summer monsoon.The results indicate that,in the past 15400 yrs,the values of chemical index of alteration(CIA)ranged from 73.9%to 88.2%(mean:85.3%),suggested a medium and high intensity of chemical weathering.The local exogenous clastic materials,which were derived from the weathered residues,played a key role in contributing towards the sediments.Since the climate-induced chemical weathering exerted strong influences on the geochemical features of weathered residues,the geochemical characteristics of the sediments were deeply impacted by climatic conditions.Wetter and warmer conditions would favor increased chemical weathering,resulting in more leaching of soluble and mobile elements(e.g.,Ba and Sr)and leaving the resistant and immobile elements(e.g.,Al and Ti)enriched in the weathered residues.These materials were then eroded and transported into the lake,and led to the sediments characterized by the characteristic of having depleted soluble elements.In contrast,dry and cold conditions would result in an opposite trend.In this sense,the geochemical records can serve as proxies to indicate changes of chemical weathering intensity,which were closely related to the evolution of summer monsoon.
WANG BingxiangZHONG WeiZHU ChanOUYANG JunWEI ZhiqiangSHANG Shengtan
选择位于新疆东北部的封闭湖泊-巴里坤湖作为研究对象,采用常规14C测年建立了该湖一剖面约9400 cal a BP以来的时间序列,对该剖面沉积自生碳酸盐碳(δ13Ccar)、氧同位素(δ18Ocar)、有机碳(TOC)等多代用指标进行了连续小波变换、奇异谱分析.结果表明,全新世以来巴里坤湖地区的气候变化模式具有明显的阶段性变化:9400～8000 cal a BP期间气温偏低且较干旱;8000～6000 cal a BP期间气候环境温凉湿润;6000～2700 cal a BP期间,气候环境在总体上较为暖干,在向全新世晚期演变过程中呈现出降温、增湿的趋势;2700～800 cal a BP期间气温降低,湿润状况有所改善;800 cal a BP以来气候环境偏干.巴里坤湖全新世气候变化过程与周边区域古气候记录具有较好地一致性.研究发现,全新世以来研究区的气候环境不仅可能受到了北大西洋地区气候变化的影响,同样可能与来自热带低纬过程的海-气相互作用有关,特别是自全新世中期以来,逐渐增强的El Nio/La Nia-South Oscillation(ENSO)活动对研究区的气候环境变化可能具有一定的影响.研究还发现,在全新世期间,新疆东北部地区的气候演变可能并非简单地遵循某种单一的气候变化模式,不同气候系统(如西风、季风)在该地区的强弱对比状况可能对此地区气候环境变化模式有重要影响.
