Deep desulfurization of liquid fuels is an important and challenging issue in worldwide petroleum refining industry.Extraction and catalytic oxidative desulfurization(ECODS)of liquid fuels using a series of ionic liquids(ILs)with two functionalized groups,such as[(CH2)2COOHmim]Cl/n Fe Cl3,[(CH2)2COOHmim]Cl/n Zn Cl2,and[Amim]Cl/n Fe Cl3,was studied.In the ECODS,the ILs were used as both extractant and catalyst and 30 wt%hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)solution as oxidant.The effects of molar ratios of[(CH2)2COOHmim]Cl(or[Amim]Cl)to Fe Cl3(or Zn Cl2)in ILs,H2O2/sulfur(O/S)molar ratio,reaction temperature,and the nature of sulfur compounds on sulfur removal were investigated.The natures of the functional groups(–COOH,–CH2–CH=CH2)in cations and the acid strength of anions play important roles in the ECODS and affect the reaction time,temperature,and desulfurization efficiency of different substrates.Also,nitrogen-containing compounds(pyridine,pyrrole,and quinoline)could be removed simultaneously in the ECODS and had different effects on dibenzothiophene removal.
NIE YiGONG XueGAO Hong ShuaiZHANG Xiang PingZHANG Suo Jiang
The present study reports a highly selective and stable catalytic approach for producing tetralin, an important chemical, solvent, and H2 storage material. Transition metal phosphides(Mo P, Ni2 P, Co2 P, and Fe2P) were prepared by wet impregnation and temperature-programmed reduction and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX), EDX mapping, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), brunauer-emmettteller(BET), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia(NH3-TPD), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of pyridine(pyridine-FTIR). Of all the transition metal phosphides Mo P was formed at a lower reduction temperature, which resulted in smaller particle size that enhanced the overall surface area of the catalyst. The existence of weak, moderate, and Lewis acidic sites over Mo P were responsible for its high tetralin selectivity(90%) and stability during the 100 h reaction on-stream in a fixed-bed reactor.
