We obtain the photonic bands and intrinsic losses for the triangular lattice three-component twodimensional(2D) photonic crystal(PhC) slabs by expanding the electromagnetic field on the basis of waveguide modes of an effective homogeneous waveguide.The introduction of the third component into the 2D PhC slabs influences the photonic band structure and the intrinsic losses of the system.We examine the dependences of the band gap width and gap edge position on the interlayer dielectric constant and interlayer thickness.It is found that the gap edges shift to lower frequencies and the intrinsic losses of each band decrease with the increasing interlayer thickness or dielectric constant.During the design of the real PhC system,the effect of unintentional native oxide surface layer on the optical properties of 2D PhC slabs has to be taken into consideration.At the same time,intentional oxidization of macroporous PhC structure can be utilized to optimize the design.
Different multicasting schemes in optical packet switched networks are discussed,including the parallel mode,serial mode,and hybrid mode multicasting schemes.Simulated modeling technique is applied to compare the network-level performance of the three multicasting schemes.A conclusion can be drawn from the results that since the hybrid-mode multicasting scheme can increase the multicast success ratio and reduce the packet retransmission times compared with the other two schemes,it is the best choice for delivering multicasting sessions in the optical packet switched networks.
