生态安全建设是协调经济开发与生态保护的重要战略。区域生态安全评价与预警研究具有空间特性、非线性、随机性,研究过程中必须处理大量的空间信息,而空间分析和空间数据管理正是GIS的优势,它使各环境要素的分布态势及彼此间的拓扑关系一目了然,并且图文并茂地展示全流域的生态安全格局。在充分研究辽河流域生态环境状况基础上,选取东辽河流域11个县市区,借助GIS格网赋值技术,讨论了基于GIS的东辽河生态安全空间差异的评价方法。首先,拟定“压力-状态-响应”(P S R)指标体系,实地调查并收集资料;然后,数字化流域,运用模糊AHP法赋权并量化计算;最后,建立东辽河流域生态安全指数GRID数据库,进行GIS的空间Interpolate运算和Assembly分析。结果表明,公主岭市是生态安全区,约占全流域面积的10.78%;西丰市和东辽县是生态不安全区,约占流域面积的13.07%;其余8个地区为生态安全中等区,约占全流域面积的76.15%。评价结果与各地区现状生态环境评价基本一致。提出了相应的生态保护建议。
Eco-security assessment is a hot research area in resource and environmental science,which involves data with much spatial,non-linear,and random features.Geographic information system(GIS),as a useful tool to analyze and manage spatial information,has a superior advantage in this field.A case study in the western part of the Liaohe River featuring a method of eco-security spatial differences(ESSD)based on GIS is developed in this paper.The method includes four steps:1)developing the pressure-state-response(P-S-R)framework with site data;2)digitizing West-Liaohe River and setting its GRID database of eco-security assessment indicators;3)figuring out the relative membership degree(RMD)of eco-security indicators by using the analytical hierarchy process with the weight of indicator;4)classifying the security zone and mapping the assessment result of eco-security status in grid by GIS method of assigning and clustering.The visual spatial differences of eco-security based on GIS enables decision makers to know the status of eco-security better in making policies for achieving sustainability.
