Bioengineered corneas are substitutes for human donor tissue that are designed to treat severe dis-ease affecting ocular surfaces. However,a shortage of candidate seed cells for bioengineering corneas is still a problem. Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of multilineage differen-tiation. Therefore,we determined whether MSCs differentiate into corneal epithelial cells (ECs). We applied three exoteric-microenvironmental systems to induce MSCs to become ECs. Induced MSC were identified by means of morphologic examination,immunocytochemical analysis,and flow cytometry. MSCs grown in one microenvironment had characteristics similar to those of corneal epithelial pro-genitors. Induced MSCs expressed markers for EC,including integrin β1,Cx43,Pax6,and P63. MSCs were successfully induced to become corneal epithelial progenitors. Therefore,the use of MSCs may hold substantial promise for reconstructing the ocular surface after corneal injury.
Protein kinases C(PKCs),a big family including 12isoenzymes,are divided into three major groupsaccording to the variability of their regulatory domains.The classical PKCs(cPKC)including PKC_α,PKC_(β1),PKC_(β2),and PKC_γ need calcium,phosphatidylserine,anddiacylglycerol or phorbol esters for full activation.Thenovel PKCs(nPKC)including PKC_δ,PKC_ε,PKC_η,PKC_θ,and PKC_μ do not require calcium for their activation.Thethird group is the atypical PKCs(aPKC)including PKC_ζ,PKC_λ,and PKC_ι whose activation depends
GAO Qian-ying WU Jun-shu WANG Zhi-chong GE Jian HUANG Dan-ping
