The present paper employs the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method to study the Rayleigh-Bénard flows, where the temperature ratio of the upper to lower plate is fixed to 0.1. For a Knudsen number (Kn) of 0.01, as the Rayleigh number (Ra) increases, the flow changes from the thermal conductive state to the convective state at about Ra=1700, and the calculated relation of heat flux through the lower plate versus Ra is in good agreement with classical experimental and theoretical results. For Kn=0.05, the thermal conductive state remains stable, and the increase of Ra cannot trigger thermal instability.
Thickness and component distributions of large-area thin films are an issue of in-ternational concern in the field of material processing. The present work employs experiments and direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method to investigate three-dimensional low-density, non-equilibrium jets of yttrium and titanium vapor atoms in an electron-beams physical vapor deposition (EBPVD) system furnished with two or three electron-beams, and obtains their deposition thickness and component distributions onto 4-inch and 6-inch mono-crystal silicon wafers. The DSMC results are found in excellent agreement with our measurements, such as evaporation rates of yttrium and titanium measured in-situ by quartz crystal reso-nators, deposited film thickness distribution measured by Rutherford backscat-tering spectrometer (RBS) and surface profilometer and deposited film molar ratio distribution measured by RBS and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). This can be taken as an indication that a combination of DSMC method with elaborate measurements may be satisfactory for predicting and designing accurately the transport process of EBPVD at the atomic level.
YBCO superconducting films were prepared by Electron Beam Coevaporation method.All the YBCO films were annealed at 760°C in humidity range of 2.3-?9.5.Microstructure of the YBCO thin films was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Superconducting properties of the YBCO films were measured by electromagnetic induction method.XRD results showed that c-axis-oriented grains existed in the YBCO films.Morphologies of the YBCO films showed that all the films had a smooth and crack-free surface.YBCO films prepared at 7.3% humidity condition showed Jc value of 4.6 MA cm-2 at 77 K in self-field.
