Atrazine is the second mostly used herbicide in USA,but low utilization ratio causes severe environmental problem,so controlled release system is highly needed in order to minimize the negative impact on environment.In this paper,a herbicide delivery system,atrazine-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)nanoparticles(NPs)were prepared by forming an oilin-water emulsion using the emulsion-solvent evaporation method.By varying the preparation conditions of PLGA-NPs,such as sonication time,surfactant content,solvent fraction,and polymer content,the particle sizes of the PLGA-NPs were well controlled from 204 to 520 nm.The morphology and size distribution of PLGA-NPs were evaluated using dynamic light scattering(DLS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Both the encapsulation efficiency and release profile of the herbicide from the PLGA-NPs were typically evaluated by using 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine(atrazine,ATZ)as the model.ATZ encapsulation efficiency within the PLGA-NPs was ranged from 31.6 to 50.5%.The release profiles of ATZ-loaded PLGA-NPs exhibited a much slower release rate in comparison with that of pure herbicide.The results demonstrated that the prepared PLGA-NPs had a high encapsulation efficiency and slow release rate,which could be used as a promising herbicide release system in agriculture to diminish the impact on the environment and minimize the potential harm to the farmers.
＜正＞Oxalic acid（OA） is one of the essential pathogenic determinants of plant pathogenic fungi.To better reveal ...
Chen Xiao-ting~(1,2*),Sun Cui-xia~1,Yuan Li~1 1 College of Life Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou Fujian 350002,P.R.China 2 Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticide and Chemistry Biology,Ministry of Education,Fuzhou Fujian 350002, P.R.China
Many fungal phytopathogens can secrete oxalic acid （OA）, which is the crucial pathogenic determinant and plays important roles in pathogenicity and virulence of pathogen during infection process. However, how plants respond to OA stress still needs further characterization. In this study, we observed the physiological and molecular responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to OA stress. The leaves of 6-wk-old A. thaliana were sprayed with OA and distilled water respectively, and 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h later, the leaves were collected and the contents of MDA, H2O2, and GSH, and the activities of CAT, SOD, and POD were determined and the expressions of PR1 and PDF1.2 were also studied. Under the stress of 30 mmol L-1 OA, SOD activity was first enhanced to reduce the accumulation of O2.-. But immediately, POD, CAT, and GSH all decreased extremely resulting in the accumulation of H2O2, and the MDA content increased 24 h later. GSH activity was enhanced significantly at 24 h after OA used. However, H2O2 wasn＇t eliminated at the same time, suggesting that the activity inhibitions of POD and CAT might be the reasons that caused Arabidopsis cells＇ impairment under OA stress. RT-PCR results indicated that PDF1.2, a marker gene of the JA/ET signaling was significantly induced; PR1, an indicator gene in SA signaling, was slighlty induced from 8 to 12 h after OA stress. In conclusion, Arabidopsis may recruit metabolism of reactive oxygen, both JA/ET and SA signaling pathways to respond to OA stress. These results will facilitate our further understanding the mechanisms of plant response to OA and OA-dependent fungal infection.
茉莉酸是一种植物激素,它在植物的生长发育和生物和非生物胁迫的抗性方面起着重要的作用。通过茉莉酸甲酯对拟南芥Col-4生长影响的研究,确定了筛选压为200μmol/L。并从拟南芥激活标签突变体库中筛选到1株茉莉酸不敏感的突变体,其TAIL-PCR的第三步产物回收、测序、比对的结果表明:T-DNA插入位点位于At5g39430(Hypothetical protein)和At5g39440(Snf1-related protein kinase,putative)之间。
