1-Chloro-3-(2′-ethoxyethoxy)-propane was prepared from 3-chloro-propanol and ethoxy-ethene with dichloroacetic acid as the catalyst and a yield of 96.2%.3-(2′-Ethoxyethoxy)propyl lithium was(then) synthesised from 1-chloro-3-(2′-ethoxyethoxy)-propane and lithium-sodium alloy in a high yield(86%) in a high vacuum reactor.It can be used as an anion polymerization initiator.
The surface composition and properties of the copolymer miniemulsions containing fluorinated acrylate(FA) were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and contact angle measurements.The surface energy of these copolymers was calculated by the harmonic equation from the static contact angles.The surfaces of the copolymers are very hydrophobic even with a low content of FA due to the surface enrichment of FA segments.The surface energy of copolymers decreases drastically with the increase of FA content and can reach 11.6 mN/m when the concentration of FA in copolymerization increases to 17.54%.The element composition and surface segregation of the fluorinated component as a function of depth of fluorocopolymer thick films were investigated by angle-dependent XPS.The content of fluorine on the surface of copolymers was higher than the calculated value according to the feeds.Our analyses demonstrate that the side groups containing fluorine tend to enrich on the copolymer-air interface.The surface segregation is enhanced when the samples are annealed,which results in further decrease of surface energy.
