The National Center for the Atmospheric Research(NCAR)middle atmospheric model is used to study the effects of the quasi-biennial oscillation in the stratosphere(QBO)on the tropopause and uppe troposphere,and the relationship between the QBO and South China Sea Summer Monsoon SCSSM is explored through NCEP(the National Centers for Environmental Prediction)/NCAR,ECMWF(Euro pean Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)monthly mean wind data and in situ sounding data The simulations show that the QBO-induced residual circulations propagate downwards,and affect the tropopause and upper troposphere during the periods of mid-late QBO phase and phase transition Meanwhile,diagnostic analyses indicate that anomalous circulation similar to SCSSM circulation is generated to strengthen the SCSSM during the easterly phase and anomalous Hadley-like circulation weakens the SCSSM during the westerly.Though the QBO has effects on the SCSSM by meridiona circulation,it is not a sole mechanism on the SCSSM TBO mode.
In this study,the relationship between the subsystems of Asian summer monsoon is analyzed using U.S.National Centers for Environmental Protection/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis and Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation monthly mean precipitation data.The results showed that there is significant correlation between the subsystems of Asian summer monsoon.The changes of intensity over the same period show that weak large-scale Asian monsoon,Southeast Asia monsoon and South Asian monsoon are associated with strong East Asian monsoon and decreasing rainfall in related areas.And when the large-scale Asian monsoon is strong,Southeast Asia and South Asia monsoons will be strong and precipitation will increase.While the Southeast Asia monsoon is strong,the South Asia monsoon is weak and the rainfall of South Asia is decreasing,and vice versa.The various subsystems are significantly correlated for all periods of intensity changes.
利用1967—2009年的逐月海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)资料和降水资料,以及经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)和相关分析方法,探讨了亚印太交汇区(Joining Area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Ocean,AIPO)SST的时空分布及其对中国降水的影响。结果表明:海表温度EOF分析第1主分量(即EOF1)的空间分布在整个AIPO区为均一分布,时间系数呈现出明显的年代际变化特征。在年代际尺度上,当AIPO区的SST升高后,北太平洋地区SST开始降低,在11个月后达到最低。另外,AIPO区的SST升高会使南海季风区和东亚季风区的降水增加,使青藏高原西部降水减少。第2主分量(即EOF2)的空间分布在西太平洋基本与东印度洋(包括南海地区)为反相变化,时间系数呈现出明显的2 a和4～5 a为主的年际振荡周期。当Ni o 3.4区SST出现正异常后4个月左右,东印度洋地区有SST正异常,而西太平洋地区有SST负异常。西太平洋地区的SST升高及东印度洋地区的SST降低将导致西北太平洋地区降水增加,东北和华北地区降水减少。而且,AIPO区SST第二模态影响华北和东北的降水要比西北太平洋地区至少超前3个月。
The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data, Climate Diagnostics Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) results, and NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (SST), have been utilized in this paper to study the quasi-biennial variations in Asia-Pacific monsoon subsystems and associated SST anomalies (SSTA) and wind anomalies. Four monsoon indices are computed from NCEP/ National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis to represent the South Asian monsoon (SAM), South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM), Western North Pacific monsoon (WNPM) and East Asian monsoon (EAM), respectively. The quasi-biennial periods are very significant in Asia-Pacific monsoons (as discovered by power spectrum analysis), and for SAM and EAM---with moderate effects by El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)---the quasi-biennial periods are the most important factor. For SCSSM and WNPM (once again due to the effects of ENSO), the quasi-biennial periods are of secondary durations. There are obvious interdecadal variations in the quasi-biennial modes of the Asia-Pacific monsoon, so in the negative phase the biennial modes will not be significant or outstanding. The wind anomalies and SSTA associated with the biennial modes are very different in the SAM, WNPM and EAM regions. Since the WNPM and SCSSM are very similar in the biennial modes, they can be combined into one subsystem, called SCS/WNPM.
Several theories have been developed to explain tropical biennial oscillation （TBO）, as an air-sea interactive system to impact Asian and global weather and climate, and some models have been established to produce a TBO. A simple 5-box model, with almost all the key processes associated with TBO, can produce a TBO by including airsea interactions in the monsoon regions. Despite that, the South China Sea/western North Pacific summer monsoon （SCS/WNPSM）, a very important monsoon subsystem, is neglected. In this paper, based on the dynamical framework of 5-box model, the term of SCS/WNPSM has been added and a 6-box model has been developed. Comparing the difference of TBO sensibilities with several key parameters, air-sea coupling coefficient α, SST-thermocline feedback coefficient γand wind-evaporation feedback coefficient λ, between the modified model and original model, TBO is more sensible to the parameters in the new model. The results imply that the eastern Pacific and local wind-evaporation play more important roles in the TBO when including SCS /WNPSM.
