The meteorological data of ablation season in 2005 were recorded by two automatic weather stations on Keqicar Glacier, in the southwest Tianshan Mountains of China. One is operated on the glacier near the equilibrium line with an altitude of 4,265 m (Site A) and another is operated on the glacier ablation area with an altitude of 3,700 m (Site B). These data were used to analyze the meteorological conditions and the surface energy balance (SEB) of Keqicar Glacier. Net radiation was directly measured, and tur- bulent heat fluxes were calculated using the bulk aerodynamic approach, including stability correction. The ablation value of 0.68 m w.e. derived from four ablation stakes is in close correspondence to the modeled value of 0.71 m w.e. During the observation period, net radiation accounts for 81.4% of the total energy with its value of 63.3 W/m2. The rest energy source is provided by the sensible heat flux with a value of 14.4 W/m2. Energy is consumed mainly by melting and evaporation, accounting for 69.5% and 29.7% of the total energy with their values of 54.0 and 23.0 W/m2, respectively. Radiative energy dominates energy exchanges at the glacier-atmosphere interface, governed by the variation in net shortwave radiation. Net short-wave radiation varies signifi- cantly due to the effects of cloudiness and the high albedo caused by solid precipitation. Wind speed influences the turbulent heat fluxes distinctively and sensible heat flux and latent heat flux are much larger in July with high wind speed.
40~30 ka BP在过去被认为是末次冰期的间冰阶,温度稍高,但仍在冰期内.20世纪90年代西昆仑山古里雅冰芯记录研究首次指出,当时气温可能高出现代4℃,即为以前所不知的间冰期.追踪同期湖泊沉积,孢粉与古生物,黄土与沙漠地区古土壤,石灰岩洞穴中石笋,古河道,滨海地区海相沉积等多种记录,集成研究表明,当时青藏高原与西北干旱区有许多淡水大湖,降水量远比现代丰沛,导致外流水系扩大,如青海境内的黄河上游水系形成.暖湿的气候条下,森林分布区向北向西大范围扩展,华南热带喜湿热的陆均松(Dacrydiumsp.)北界移至22°~24°N,表明当时热带气温高于现代2℃左右,降水量也有较大增加.长江下游石笋资料和北方半干旱、半湿润区的植物、古土壤、河道沉积资料均表示降水增加,森林覆盖度大.由于冰川和极地冰盖萎缩,海平面上升,给合若干地区地面沉降,海河下游、长江三角洲和珠江三角洲均出现相当规模的海侵.上述涉及全中国的特殊暖湿环境的形成与地球轨道运行岁差周期变化导致中低纬度日射增强,致使温度升高,季风区与西风带降水量都有显著增加关系密切,而植被改善又对温度和湿度有正反馈作用.
