利用台站常规观测资料和NCEP-FNL再分析资料,检验了GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System)对2011/2012年冬季我国寒潮天气过程的预报能力。结果表明,GRAPES模式能较好地预报出该冬季4次寒潮过程的明显降温、高低空环流形势及冷平流的入侵,模式对2月22日寒潮的预报效果较差。对于强降温预报,在1月18日、2月5日及2月14日寒潮过程中,模式在新疆部分地区、云贵高原和四川盆地的预报效果较差。在2月22日寒潮中,我国东部地区出现了较大偏差,模式预报的500 h Pa上阻塞高压及东亚大槽等系统的强度和位置出现较大偏差。4次过程中,模式预报的冷、暖平流在我国东北部大小兴安岭及长江流域以南有较大偏差。对于2月22日寒潮,模式预报新疆地区、大兴安岭和辽宁的冷平流范围和强度、及长江流域以南暖平流的范围和强度都要大于实况,导致此次寒潮温度预报误差大,这可能与在地形区域模式物理过程存在一定误差有关。
Based on the Tropical Cyclone(TC) Yearbooks data and JRA-25 reanalysis data from the Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) during 1979-2008, dynamic composite analysis and computation of kinetic energy budget are used to study the intensifying and weakening TCs during Extratropical Transition over China. The TCI shows strong upper-level divergence, strengthened low-level convergence and significantly enhanced upward motion under the influence of strong upper-level troughs and high-level jets. The TCI is correspondingly intensified after Extratropical Transition(ET); TCW exhibits strong upper-level divergence, subdued low-level convergence and slightly enhanced upward motion under the influence of weak upper-level troughs and high-level jets. It then weakens after ET. The increase(decrease) of the generation of kinetic energy by divergence wind in TCI(TCW) at low level is one of the major reasons for TCI's intensification(TCW's weakening) after transformation. The generation of kinetic energy by divergence wind is closely related to the development of a low-level baroclinic frontal zone. The growth of the generation of kinetic energy by rotational wind in TCI at upper level is favorable for TCI's maintenance, which is affected by strong upper-level troughs. The dissipation of the generation of kinetic energy by rotational wind in TCW at upper level is unfavorable for TCW's maintenance, which is affected by weak upper-level troughs.
