Pyridine(Py)-modified Keggin-type vanadium-substituted heteropoly acids(PynPMo10V2O40,n=1 to 5) were prepared by a precipitation method as organic/inorganic hybrid catalysts for direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol in a pressured batch reactor and their structures were detected by FT-IR.Among various catalysts,Py3PMo10V2O40 exhibits the highest catalytic activity(yield of phenol,11.5%),without observing the formation of catechol,hydroquinone and benzoquinone in the reaction with 80 vol% aqueous acetic acid,molecular oxygen and ascorbic acid used as the solvent,oxidant and reducing reagent,respectively.Influences of reaction temperature,reaction time,oxygen pressure,amount of ascorbic acid and catalyst on yield of phenol were investigated to obtain the optimal reaction conditions for phenol formation.Pyridine can greatly promote the catalytic activity of the Py-free catalyst(H5PMo10V2O40),mostly because the organic π electrons in the hybrid catalyst may extend their conjugation to the inorganic framework of heteropoly acid and dramatically modify the redox properties,at the same time,pyridine adsorbed on heteropoly acids can promote the effect of "pseudo-liquid phase",thus accounting for the enhancement of phenol yield.
GE HanQing1,LENG Yan1,ZHANG FuMin1,PIAO JiaRui2,ZHOU ChangJiang1 & WANG Jun1 1 State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Technology,Nanjing 210009,China
Small crystal zeolites ZSM-5 with sizes of 150-300 nm were synthesized using the colloidal silicate precursors as the silica source created by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate with tetrapropylammonium bromide as the structure-directing agent within a short crystallization time of 20-35 h. The precursors and final products were detected by XRD, SEM, ICP and DLS.
