采用密度泛函理论计算含有砷、硒、碲、钴或镍等杂质的黄铁矿的结构和电子性质,并采用前线轨道理论讨论含杂质黄铁矿与氧气和黄药的反应活性。杂质的存在使黄铁矿晶胞体积膨胀。钴和镍主要对费米能级附近的能带产生影响,而砷杂质主要对黄铁矿浅部和深部价带产生影响,硒和碲主要影响深部价带。电荷密度分析结果表明,所有的杂质原子都与其周围的原子形成较强的共价相互作用。前线轨道计算表明,砷、钴和镍杂质对黄铁矿的 HOMO 和 LUMO 的影响比硒和碲杂质大。此外,含砷、钴或镍的黄铁矿比含硒或碲的黄铁矿更容易被氧气氧化,而含钴或镍的黄铁矿与黄药捕收剂的作用更强。计算结果与观察到的黄铁矿实际情况相符。
The electronic properties of sphalerite(110) surface with Zn-vacancy and S-vacancy were calculated by using density-functional theory,and the effects of vacancy defect on the copper activation of sphalerite were investigated.The calculated results indicate that surface state occurs in the band gap of Zn-vacancy sphalerite,which is from the contribution of S 3p orbital at the first layer of the surface.The presence of S-vacancy results in surface state appearing near the Fermi level and the bottom of conductor band,which are composed of S 3p and Zn 4s orbital,respectively.The surface structure of Zn-vacancy sphalerite is more stable than S-vacancy surface due to the occupation of Zn-vacancy by Cu atoms;hence,the substitution reaction of Cu for Zn vacancy is easier than the substitution of Cu for Zn atoms with S-vacancy surface.
