在对美国气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪(aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer,ATOFMS)和中国单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(single particle aerosol mass spectrometer,SPAMS)前期研究调研的基础上,总结并比较了国内外飞行时间质谱(time-of-flight mass spectrometry,TOF-MS)研究中含硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐、有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)等5种主要组分颗粒的典型提取条件.结合SPAMS单颗粒谱图的特点,本研究通过限定示踪离子,对5种主要组分的提取方法进行改进,提出了新的SPAMS组分示踪离子提取方法.以北京市2013年1月SPAMS实测数据为例,对不同提取方法的结果进行对比分析.并将本研究方法 SPAMS主要组分结果与离线滤膜样品的实验数据进行对比,验证了本研究所提出的优化方案的合理性.同时指出SPAMS在未来的应用研究中需考虑的因素及进一步深入的研究方向.
Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm were measured on board by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer(SPAMS). The average hourly particle number(PN)was around 4560 ± 3240 in the South Yellow Sea(SYS), 2900 ± 3970 in the North Yellow Sea(NYS), and 1700 ± 2220 in the Bohai Sea(BS). PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied slightly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were classified using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm(ART-2a). Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt,and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN,respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflow on marine environment. Variation of source types depended mainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of high-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a.
