采用3×4双因素实验设计,以初始质量为(8.06±0.08)g的大菱鲆幼鱼(Scophthalmus maximus L.)为对象,研究在饲料中添加3种糖源(葡萄糖、蔗糖和糊精)及4个水平(0、5%、15%、28%)对大菱鲆肝脏糖酵解关键酶己糖激酶(HK)、葡萄糖激酶(GK)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)和糖异生关键酶磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)、1,6-二磷酸果糖酶(FBPase)活性的影响。结果表明:饲料糖添加量从0升高到15%时,大菱鲆的糖酵解酶GK和PK活性随饲料葡萄糖或糊精含量的增加而增加;当饲料中葡萄糖或糊精含量为28%时,GK和PK活性有下降的趋势。3种糖源的4个添加水平对HK和PFK活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加不同水平的葡萄糖对大菱鲆糖异生途径的PEPCK活性无显著影响(P>0.05),但在饲料中葡萄糖添加量为5%时显著促进了FBPase活性(P<0.05),当葡萄糖添加量升高为15%或28%时,FBPase活性与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。糊精作为饲料糖源时抑制了大菱鲆肝脏FBPase和PEPCK的活性,而添加不同水平的蔗糖对FBPase和PEPCK活性的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。总的来说,从大菱鲆幼鱼肝脏糖代谢角度而言,在饲料中添加15%的葡萄糖或糊精时,可以有效促进大菱鲆肝脏糖酵解能力;较添加葡萄糖,糊精在促进大菱鲆肝脏糖酵解的同时对糖异生存在一定程度的抑制。蔗糖作为饲料糖源时,仅在添加量为28%时显著促进糖酵解酶GK活性,糖酵解其他酶活性以及糖异生酶活性均不受蔗糖水平的显著影响。
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary proline(Pro), and Pro and hydroxyproline(Hyp) in combination on the growth performance, total Hyp and collagen concentrations of tissues, and prolyl 4-hydroxylase α(I)(P4H α(I)) gene expression in juvenile turbot feeding high plant protein diets. A diet containing 50% crude protein and 12% crude lipid was formulated as the basal and control, on which other two protein and lipid contents identical experimental diets were formulated by supplementing the basal with either 0.75% Pro(Pro-0.75) or 0.75% Pro and 0.75% Hyp(Pro+Hyp). Four groups of fish in indoor seawater recirculating systems, 35 individuals each, were fed twice a day to apparent satiation for 10 weeks. The results showed that dietary Pro and Hyp supplementation had no significant effect on growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile turbot(P > 0.05). Total Hyp and collagen concentrations in muscle were significantly increased when dietary Pro and Hyp increased(P < 0.05), and fish fed diet Pro+Hyp showed significantly higher free Hyp content in plasma than those fed other diets(P < 0.05). The expression of P4 H α(I) gene in liver and muscle was significantly up regulated in fish fed diet Pro-0.75 in comparison with control(P < 0.05); however the gene was significantly down regulated in fish fed diet Pro+Hyp in muscle in comparison with fish fed diet Pro-0.75(P < 0.05). It can be concluded that supplement of crystal L-Pro and L-Hyp to high plant protein diets did not show positive effects on growth performance of juvenile turbot, but enhanced total collagen concentrations in muscle.
A growth experiment was conducted on cobia(Rachycentron canadum,initial weight 108.2 g ± 3.0 g) to investigate the effects of dietary corn gluten meal(CGM) levels on the fish growth,whole body composition and protein metabolism in relation to specific gene expression.Five isonitrogenous(crude protein 45%) and isoenergetic(gross energy 20 kJ g 1) practical diets were formulated by replacing 0%(the control),17.5%,35.0%,52.5%,and 70.0% of fish meal(FM) protein with CGM protein.No significant differences were observed in the survival,feed intake(FI),specific growth rate(SGR),feed efficiency(FE) and protein productive value(PPV) among fish fed diets with 0%,17.5%,35.0%,and 52.5% of CGM protein.However,these indices were significantly lower in fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein than those in fish fed the control diet(P < 0.05).The whole-body crude protein and lipid contents were significantly lower while the whole-body moisture content was significantly higher in fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein compared with the control group(P < 0.05).When 70.0% of FM protein was replaced by CGM,plasma total protein and cholesterol contents were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05).Fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein had significantly lower hepatic insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I) expression levels than those in the control group(P < 0.05).However,no significant differences were observed in hepatic target of rapamycin(TOR),dorsal muscle IGF-I and TOR expression levels among dietary treatments.Results of the present study indicated that 52.5% of FM protein could be replaced by CGM in the diets without significant influences on the growth,feed utilization and protein metabolism of juvenile cobia.The present results might be useful for developing cost effective and sustainable cobia dietary formulations.
LUO YiwenAI QinghuiMAI KangsenZHANG WenbingXU WeiZHANG YanjiaoLIUFU Zhiguo
