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酸性条件下氮素形态对西红柿根系释放羟基的影响被引量:4
2011年
为研发酸化土壤的生物修复技术,本文用水培实验和电位滴定方法研究了酸性条件下氮素形态对西红柿根系释放羟基的影响,结果表明,在初始pH为4.0、NO3-/NH4+比为15:1、5:1、1:1和1:5的营养液中,由于西红柿对NO3--N的偏好吸收导致根系释放羟基,培养液pH升高。培养1周后4个NO3-/NH4+比培养液pH分别升高了1.60、1.15、0.57和0.29,与西红柿对NO3--N的吸收量和羟基释放量的大小一致。当西红柿生长在初始pH为5.0营养液中时,仅NO3-/NH4+比为15:1和5:1体系中西红柿根系释放羟基,导致培养液pH升高;在NO3-/NH4+比为1:1和1:5体系中西红柿根系释放质子,导致培养液pH降低。初始pH5.0条件下西红柿吸收的NO3--N低于初始pH4.0条件下的,其根系释放的羟基量也低于pH4.0体系中的。这些结果说明低pH条件有利于西红柿对NO3--N的吸收,西红柿根系也会释放更多的羟基。因此可以根据西红柿在强酸性条件下对NO3--N的偏好吸收和根系释放羟基的特点对酸化土壤进行生物修复。
万青徐仁扣黎星辉
关键词:西红柿铵态氮硝态氮
Aluminium Uptake and Accumulation in the Hyperaccumulator Camellia Oleifera Abel被引量:14
2011年
Oiltea camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.), an aluminium (Al) hyperaccumulator, grows well on acid soils in tropical or subtropical areas. In this study, the growth of oiltea camellia in response to Al application and the characteristics of Al uptake and accumulation were investigated using laboratory and field experiments. The growth of oiltea camellia seedlings in the nutrient solution tended to be stimulated by addition of Al. Results of the field experiment showed that oiltea camellia accumulated 11 000 mg kg-1 Al in leaves within 10 months, and the average rate of Al accumulation in new leaves was about 1100 mg kg-1 month-1; however, the monthly rate varied and was highest in spring and autumn. The results of the laboratory experiment on Al uptake by oiltea camellia seedlings in CaC12 solutions with various forms of Al showed that large amounts of Al supplied as Al3+ and Al complexes Al-malate (1:1) and Al-F (1:1) were infiuxed into oiltea camellia roots, whereas Al supplied as Al-citrate (1:1), Al-F (1:6), Al-oxalate (1:3), and Al-oxalate (1:1) complexes exhibited low affinity to oiltea camellia roots. The kinetics of Al3+ cumulative uptake in excised roots and intact plants showed a biphasic pattern, with an initial rapid phase followed by a slow phase. The Al cumulative uptake was unaffected by low temperature, which indicated that Al uptake in oiltea camellia was a passive process. The efficient influx of Al into the roots and the high transport rate in specific seasons were presumed to account for the plentiful Al accumulation in leaves of oiltea camellia.
ZENG Qi-LongCHEN Rong-FuZHAO Xue-QiangWANG Huo-YanSHEN Ren-Fang
氮形态转化对豆科植物物料改良茶园土壤酸度的影响被引量:23
2009年
采用室内培养试验方法研究了添加紫云英、刺槐叶和豌豆秸秆对酸性茶园红壤酸度的改良作用,探讨了培养期间豆科植物中氮形态转化对土壤酸度改良效果的影响。结果表明,3种豆科植物可不同程度提高酸性茶园红壤的pH,培养试验结束时土壤pH的增幅与植物物料灰化碱的含量相一致。豆科植物物料中氮的形态转化影响其对土壤酸化的改良效果,有机氮的矿化导致土壤pH增加,而矿化形成的铵态氮通过硝化反应释放质子,抵消了植物物料对土壤酸度的部分改良效果。添加植物物料使土壤交换性盐基阳离子含量明显增加,土壤交换性铝含量明显减少。
毛佳徐仁扣黎星辉
关键词:植物物料茶园土壤
外源低分子量有机酸对碳酸钙预处理的酸性土壤中活性铝钙镁影响的研究被引量:5
2011年
通过在所研究的第四纪红黏土发育的红壤中混入CaCO3,研究在pH缓冲体系中外加低分子量有机酸对土壤中Al、Ca和Mg的影响。结果表明:无论加CaCO3与否,在pH 4.5的条件下外源草酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸的加入均使土壤可溶性Al显著提高,交换性Al显著下降和交换性Ca显著升高;加入CaCO3的情况下,3种有机酸处理的交换性Mg均显著提高。3种有机酸促进Al溶解能力的大小顺序为:柠檬酸>草酸>苹果酸,这一结果与有机酸和Al形成络合物的稳定常数大小一致。另一方面,3种有机酸处理下,CaCO3预处理均引起可溶性Al的显著升高和交换性Al的下降。双因素方差分析表明,有机酸通过络合作用或沉淀作用对可溶性和交换性Al、Ca和Mg均具有绝对的影响优势,CaCO3仅对可溶性和交换性Al、交换性Ca有显著影响,由于实验中pH缓冲体系的控制,这种影响主要通过Al与Ca、Mg的竞争交换作用实现。总体来说,外源低分子量有机酸的加入使土壤活性Al显著升高,活性Ca、Mg略有升高,有机酸在酸性土壤中的作用需从有机酸溶解阳离子的角度进一步评价。
袁晶晶陈荣府同延安沈仁芳
关键词:碳酸钙酸性土壤阳离子
Effects of urea and(NH_4)_2 SO_4 on nitrification and acidification of Ultisols from Southern China被引量:22
2012年
The mechanisms for the effects of ammonium-based fertilizers on soil acidification in subtropical regions are not well understood. Two Ultisols collected from cropland and a tea garden in Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces in subtropical southern China, respectively, were used to study the effects of urea and (NH4)aSO4 on the nitrification and acidification of soils with incubation experiments. Nitrification occurred at very low pH with no N fertilizer added and led to lowering of the soil pH by 0.53 and 0.30 units for the soils from Jiangxi and Anhui, respectively. Addition of urea accelerated nitrification and soil acidification in both Ultisols; while nitrification was inhibited by the addition of (NH4)2SO4, and greater input of (NH4)2SO4 led to greater inhibition of nitrification. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) played an important role in nitrification in cropland soil under acidic conditions. Addition of urea increased the soil pH at the early stages of incubation due to hydrolysis and stimulated the increase in the AOB population, and thus accelerated nitrification and soil acidification. At the end of incubation, the pH of Ultisol from Jiangxi had decreased by 1.25, 1.54 and 1.84 units compared to maximum values for the treatments with 150, 300 and 400 mg/kg of urea-N added, respectively; the corresponding figures were 0.95, 1.25 and 1.69 for the Ultisol from Anhui. However, addition of (NH4):SO4 inhibited the increase in the AOB population and thus inhibited nitrification and soil acidification. Soil pH for the treatments with 300 and 400 mg/kg of (NHn)2SOa-N remained almost constant during the incubation. AOB played an important role in nitrification of the cropland soil under acidic conditions. Addition of urea stimulated the increase in the AOB population and thus accelerated nitrification and soil acidification; while addition of (NH4)2SO4 inhibited the increase in the AOB population and thus inhibited nitrification.
Dell TongRenkou Xu
关键词:NITRIFICATION
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