采用Comsol Multiphysics有限元软件,基于麦克斯韦原理,在电流不变的情况下,研究建立3 k A稀土钕熔盐电解槽电场数学模型,考察电极插入深度和极距对槽电压、电流密度等电场特征的影响.结果表明,模拟结果与实际生产数据吻合度高,所建立模型能较好地反映钕熔盐电解生产实际;随着电极插入深度的增大和极距的缩短,电解槽电压下降,利于降低电能消耗,但阴极电流密度比阳极电流密度下降快,不利于电流效率提高.应综合考虑能耗和效率,合理调整电极插入深度和极距,以降低钕熔盐电解单位能耗.
According to the ion and molecule coexistence theory, a thermodynamic model of lead oxide activity in PbO-CaO-SiO2-FeO-Fe2O3 slag system was established at the temperature of 1273-1733 K. The activities of Pb O in slag were calculated, and their equal activity curves were plotted. The influences of slag basicity Q, iron oxide rate R and temperature T on activity NPb O and activity coefficient γPbO were also investigated. Results show that the calculated values of γPb O are in good agreement with the reported experimental data, showing that the model can wholly embody the slag structural characteristics. NPbO departures positively from Raoult values, and increases with increasing Pb O content in slag but changes little with T. γPbO increases with increasing Q, and goes through the maximum with increasing R for basic slag（Q0.3）. Results can be applied to the thermodynamic research and operational optimization of modern lead smelting technologies.
According to the innate characteristic of four types of furnace, the copper flash continuous smelting （CFCS） furnace can be considered a synthetic reactor of two relatively independent processes： flash matte smelting process （FMSP） and copper continuous converting process （CCCP）. Then, the CFCS thermodynamic model was proposed by establishing the multi-phase equilibrium model of FMSP and the local-equilibrium model of CCCP, respectively, and by combining them through the smelting intermediates. Subsequently, the influences of the furnace structures were investigated using the model on the formation of blister copper, the Fe3O4 behavior, the copper loss in slag and the copper recovery rate. The results show that the type D furnace, with double flues and a slag partition wall, is an ideal CFCS reactor compared with the other three types furnaces. For CFCS, it is effective to design a partition wall in the furnace to make FMSP and CCCP perform in two relatively independent zones, respectively, and to make smelting gas and converting gas discharge from respective flues.
