Numerical simulations with the Advanced Regional Prediction System(ARPS) model were performed to investigate the impact of microphysical drop size distribution(DSD) on tornadogenesis in a subtropical supercell thunderstorm over Anhui Province, eastern China. Sensitivity experiments with different intercept parameters of rain, hail and snow DSDs in a Lin-type microphysics scheme were conducted. Results showed that rain and hail DSDs have a significant impact on the simulated storm both microphysically and dynamically. DSDs characterized by larger(smaller) intercepts have a smaller(larger) particle size and a lower(higher) mass-weighted mean fall velocity, and produce relatively stronger(weaker) and wider(narrower)cold pools through enhanced(reduced) rain evaporation and hail melting processes, which are then less favorable(favorable)for tornadogenesis. However, tornadogenesis will also be suppressed by the weakened mid-level mesocyclone when the cold pool is too weak. When compared to a U.S. Great Plain case, the two microphysical processes are more sensitive to DSD variations in the present case with a higher melting level and deeper warm layer. This suggests that DSD-related cloud microphysics has a stronger influence on tornadogenesis in supercells over the subtropics than the U.S. Great Plains.
本文运用三维对流云模式对美国SPACE计划(South Park Area Cumulus Experiment)1977年7月19日South Park地区一例强对流风暴进行了模拟,目的是考察不同云微物理过程对风暴的影响。不同微物理方案模拟对比有助于我们加深对风暴内部微物理过程的了解。结果表明,不同微物理方案模拟的风暴内部动力场、强度有所不同。不考虑冰相过程的暖雨方案,模拟的风暴最弱;冰相过程中仅考虑冻结/融化潜热释放,模拟的风暴强度在后期稍弱。由于降水绝大部分由霰、雹转变而来,以及霰、雹粒子对运动场的影响及其相变潜热作用,冰相过程中如果不考虑霰、雹的模拟方案,模拟风暴的动力场及降水场都发生改变。
